biology

• Development of Evolutionary Thought

  • Carolus Linnaeus
  • Georges Cuvier
  • James Hutton
  • Charles Lyell
  • Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
  • Charles Darwin
  • Thomas Malthus
  • Aristotle
  • Alfred Russel Wallace
• Carolus Linnaeus


  Systema Naturae; Binomial Nomenclature
• Georges Cuvier


  Catastrophism
• James Hutton


  Theory of Gradualism
• Charles Lyell


  Uniformitarianism
• Jean-Baptiste Lamarck


  Inheritance of Acquired characteristics or the use-disuse theory
• Charles Darwin


  Natural Selection; On the Origin of Species
• Thomas Malthus


  An Essay on the Principle of Population
• Aristotle


  (350 BCE)
• Alfred Russel Wallace


  (1859)
• The recognition that species change over time and the perceived understanding of how such processes work is traceable to developments in intellectual thought.
• Activity: Match me with my contribution

  1. Systema Naturae; Binomial Nomenclature

  2. Catastrophism

  3. Inheritance of Acquired characteristics or the use-disuse theory

  4. An Essay on the Principle of Population

  5. Theory of Gradualism

  6. Uniformitarianism

  7. Natural Selection; On the Origin of Species
• Population size increases exponentially if not kept in check by limited food supplies
• Darwin accepted Malthus's proposition that population size increases exponentially while food supplies remain relatively constant, and they extended it to all organisms
• When population size is limited by the availability of resources, there must be constant competition for food and water
• Competition between individuals is the ultimate key to understanding natural selection
• Gradualism


  The theory that change occurs gradually over long periods of time
• Hutton published his paper 'Theory of the Earth' in 1785
• Hutton's theory of gradualism recognized that change did occur, but that change was the gradual culmination of slow processes happening over great amounts of time
• Lyell's theory of uniformitarianism argued that the geological processes observed in the present are the same as those that occurred in the past
• Lyell demonstrated that forces such as wind, water erosion, local flooding, frost, decomposition of vegetation, volcanoes, earthquakes, and glacial movements had all contributed in the past to produce the geological landscape that exists in the present
• Darwin was raised by his father and older sisters after the death of his mother when he was eight years old
• At Edinburgh University, Darwin first became acquainted with the evolutionary theories of Lamarck and others
• At Cambridge, Darwin seriously cultivated his interests in natural science, immersing himself in botany and geology
• During the voyage of the HMS Beagle, Darwin noticed similarities and differences in the vegetation and animals, especially the Galapagos finches, which led him to recognize that the various Galapagos finches had all descended from a common mainland ancestor and had been modified over time in response to different island habitats and dietary preferences
• Darwin arrived back in England in October 1836 and was immediately accepted into the most prestigious scientific circles
• At Down, Darwin began to develop his views on natural selection, which he borrowed from animal breeders who choose certain traits in their breeding stock
• Darwin accepted Malthus' idea that populations increase at a faster rate than do resources, and he recognized that in nature there is a constant "struggle for existence"
• In December 1859, Darwin completed and published his greatest work, On the Origin of Species, where he explained that species were mutable, not fixed, and they evolved from other species through the mechanism of natural selection
• Enumerate the scientist who contributed to shaping and developing evolutionary thought

  
  

  Carolus Linnaeus

  Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

  Georges Cuvier

  Thomas Malthus

  James Hutton

  Charles Lyell

  Charles Darwin