route of admin

• Enteral Route

  Parenteral Route

  Topical Route

  Other Route: Inhalation Route


  Enumerate the general routes of drug administration
• Enteral Route


  Administration of the drug through GIT
• Oral


  Administration of a drug into the mouth cavity
• Per orem/Per os/ P.O.

  Other term used for oral route
• Drench


  Used for large animals that serve similar function to a syringe
• Sublingual


  Administration of the drug underneath the tongue
• Gavage/Intra-gastric/

  Intra-ruminal

  Administration into the stomach/rumen
• Nasogastric Tube (NGT)


  What device is used to administer drugs through the esophagus directly into the stomach in intra-gastric or gavage procedures?
• Gavage


  What term is used for intra-gastric administration specifically in laboratory animals?
• Intra-gastric


  What term is used for administration of drugs into the stomach of animals with a simple stomach?
• Intra-ruminal


  What term is used for administration of drugs directly into the rumen of animals with a compound stomach?
• Per rectum


  Administration into the anus or rectum
• Parenteral Route


  Administration of the drug between the integument and GIT.​
• Intra-dermal


  Administration into the dermis ​
• Subcutaneous


  Administration into the subcutaneous tissue ​(Loose skin part)
• Subcut/Sub Q/Hypodermoclysis (SC)


  Other terms used for subcutaneous route
• Axilla/Axillary Region


  In piglets, where is subcutaneous (Sub Q) injection typically performed?
• Intra-muscular


  Administration into the muscle tissue​ or muscle tissue or into the heavy muscle portion of an animal
• belly of the muscle to avoid nerves

  What is the preferred site for intramuscular (IM) injection to ensure safety and effectiveness?
• Intra-venous


  Administration into a vein ​
• Venoclysis (IV)


  Other terms used for intra-venous route
• Jugular Vein


  Through which vein is intravenous (IV) administration typically performed in ruminants and horses?
• Ear Vein


  Through which vein is intravenous (IV) administration typically performed in pigs?
• Saphenous, Cephalic, and Femoral Vein

  Through which vein is intravenous (IV) administration typically performed in dogs and cats?
• Wing Vein


  Through which vein is intravenous (IV) administration typically performed in avians?
• Vein is more palpable and superficial

  Why do we give drugs in the vein not in the artery
• 10 - 15 degrees

  At what angle is the needle inserted for the intradermal route?
• 25 degrees


  At what angle is the needle inserted for the intradermal route?
• 45 degrees


  At what angle is the needle inserted for the intradermal route?
• 90 degrees


  At what angle is the needle inserted for the intradermal route?
• Intra-peritoneal (IP)


  Administration into the peritoneal cavity​
• Below 1 cm away from the umbilicus

  If you have hepatitis, where should the drug be injected for intraperitoneal administration?
• Above 1 cm away from the umbilicus

  If you have cystitis, where should the drug be injected for intraperitoneal administration?
• Umbilicus


  What is the anatomical landmark commonly used as a reference point for intraperitoneal injections?
• Right Paralumbar Fossa


  In large animals, which specific anatomical site on the right side of the abdomen is used for intraperitoneal injection to avoid puncturing the rumen?
• Intra-pleural


  Administration into the pleural cavity
• Intra-thoracic/Intra-cardiac


  Administration into the thoracic cavity and puncture the heart ​
• T11-T12; T9-T10


  What are the common intercostal spaces used as landmarks for intrathoracic or intracardiac injections?
• Intra-cardiac


  It is usually done when euthanizing; Commonly in dogs and cats
• Intra-mammary


  Administration into the mammary gland​