socsci

• Assimilation


  The process of transforming the Philippines as a Spanish province
• Secularization


  The process of converting something from religious to secular
• Propaganda


  The spreading of ideas or information for the purpose of helping
• Nationalism


  One's loyalty and devotion to a nation
• GomBurZa

  Mariano Gomez, Jose Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora
• British invasion in the colony that exposed Spain's vulnerability
• British invasion

  1. Bombarded Intramuros and other areas on Sept. 22, 1762

  2. Occupied Manila on October 6, 1762
• Silang & Palaris revolts demonstrated the capability to unite and expel Spaniards
• Opening of Suez Canal in 1869 resulted in shorter route and travel time
• Secularization: Friar-curates refused to turn-over the parish to the seculars
• The Cavite Mutiny on January 20, 1872 was the height of the secularization controversy
• GomBurZa was falsely accused on the charges of SUBVERSION and publicly executed through garotte on February 17, 1872
• 2 Classes in Priesthood

  • Regulars (Belonged to any religious orders)
  • Seculars (NOT any member of any religious orders)
• Secularization

  Filipinization
• Secular priests felt that the position was denied because they were not Spaniards
• Leader: Father Pedro Pablo Pelaez
• Social Class Structure

  • Peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain)
  • Insulares (Spaniards born in the Philippines)
  • Mestizos (Mix of Spanish, Chinese, and Filipino)
  • Principalia (Local leaders)
  • Indio (Derogatory term given to the natives of the colony)
  • Sangley (Pure Chinese)
  • Unpacified Natives (Negritos, Lumads, & other indigenous groups)
• Let Alone Policy

  Gave full freedom to private individuals and firms to engage in economic activities without government interference
• 1834 - Manila opened for foreign traders (Am, French, Brit, & Danish)
• 1859 - Number of foreign firms increased
• Propaganda Movement

  Began in 1892 to assimilate the Philippines as a province of Spain to be represented in the Spanish lawmaking body (Cortes) to enjoy the rights and privileges by all Spanish citizens to not be treated cruelly by the friars & Spanish civil authorities
• La Solidaridad

  Official publication of the Propaganda Movement, founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena in 1889, published in Barcelona, Spain on February 15, 1889, edited by Graciano Lopez Jaena, then taken over by Marcelo del Pilar in December 1899
• Propaganda Movement in Spain was not sustained due to financial difficulties and perished
• La Liga Filipina


  Civic organization to forward the campaign for reforms & aid the movement in Spain, founded by Jose Rizal on July 3, 1892 in Tondo, Manila
• Rizal was arrested on July 6, 1892 for rebellion, sedition, conspiracy, and detained in Fort Santiago pending deportation to Dapitan, Zamboanga
• After La Liga Filipina disbanded, the members split into two organizations:

  • Cuerpo de Compromisarios (Continued to push for reforms)
  • Katipunan (Decided to fight for the total independence of the country)
• Fray Botod

  Graciano Lopez Jaena, who was greedy, immoral, and cruel
• Dasalan at Tocsohan

  Marcelo H. Del Pilar to criticize the abuses and corruption of the Catholic Church in the Philippines
• Noli Mi Tangere

  Jose Rizal's novel that exposed the defects of the Spanish administration of the Philippines, the greed and immorality of the friars, and the superstitions of the Filipinos
• Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Katipunan)

  Political - To work for Total separation from Spain, Moral - To teach good manners, Hygiene, and Good Moral Character, Civic - To practice the principle of self-help and defense of the poor and oppressed
• Four Major Aims of the Katipunan

  • To develop strong alliance with each and every Katipunero
  • To unite Filipinos into one solid nation
  • To win Philippine independence by means of an armed conflict
  • To establish a republic after independence
• Governing Bodies of the Katipunan

  • Supreme Council
  • Provincial Council
  • Popular Council
  • Judicial Council
  • Secret Chamber
• Sistemang Patatsulok or Triangle System


  Recruitment method to ensure discreet growth of the Katipunan
• In October 1892, it was decided that members would be allowed to recruit as many persons as they could
• Ranks of Katipunan Membership

  • Katipon (New members)
  • Kawal
  • Bayani
• Members were to pay an entrance fee of one real fuerte, a unit of currency equal to 1/8 of a silver real peso, as well as monthly dues and other fees paid exclusively to the Benefit Fund and collected at every session or meeting
• Coding System


  Used by the Katipunan to avoid discovery from the Spaniards
• Emilio Jacinto


  Brain of the Katipunan, prepared the Kartilla which served as the guidebook of the Katipunan
• Andres Bonifacio


  Father of the Katipunan, prepared the Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan "Duties of the Sons of People" considered as the Ten Commandments of the Katipunan
• Gregoria de Jesus


  Mother of the Philippine Revolution, record-keeper of KKK's documents, sewed the first flag of Katipunan