TLE - EXAM

• Housing for Swine


  • Must be well-planned and located on the farm with functional structure
• Pigpen design and construction

  Must be designed and constructed properly to attain good health and comfort for the animals
• Sizes of the pigpens

  Depend on the number of pigs to be raised
• Pigs are housed in an uncomfortable environment

  They are prone to infection
• Types of Housing


  • Backyard Corral
  • Cogon-Shed Type
  • Shed-type housing
  • Rectangular-Shaped housing
• Backyard Corral


  • Recommended for fewer than ten animals
• Cogon-Shed Type


  • Made of light materials, like Cogon, for roofing and can shelter bull beef cattle, etc.
• Shed-type housing


  • Made of stronger materials such as lumber and galvanized iron
• Rectangular-Shaped housing


  • Commonly used for commercial purposes
• Feeds and feeding


  The most expensive part of poultry and livestock production
• Proper feeding greatly influences the production of meat and eggs
• Feeding the Broilers


  1. Proper nutrition plays a very important role in the maintenance of animal's health

  2. The chick could show their potentials only if proper nutrition and management are provided to them
• Types of Feeds for Broilers

  • Starter Mash (24-25% protein, fed 3-6 weeks)
  • Finishing or Growing Mash (20-21% protein, fed after 6 weeks)
  • Straight Broiler or All-Purpose Mash (22% protein, fed until marketing stage)
• ad libitum - allowed to eat much as they desire to enhance the growth of the broilers
• Recommended rations for growing pullets

  • Starter Ration (20-21% protein, day old to 6 weeks)
  • Grower Ration (16% protein, 6-14 weeks)
  • Pullet develops ration (14% protein, 14-20 weeks)
• Laying mash


  The best feeds for laying birds
• Suitable rations may be formulated for different localities with the use of cheap and abundant feed materials in the area
• Silage-making


  1. Utilizes farm by-products such as sugarcane tops, corn stalks, and rice straw

  2. Crops are harvested, gathered and placed in a silo

  3. Crops are allowed to ferment before feeding to animals
• Objective of feeding pigs

  To raise the weight of the animal at the least cost of feedstuff
• Ration


  The feeds given to the animal for a day, must contain sufficient nutrients to provide energy and protein for maximum growth
• How Fattening Pigs can be Fed

  1. Weaning stage until 12 weeks - starter ration

  2. 12-15 weeks - grower mash (15% protein, 65% calcium and phosphorous)

  3. 35-60 kilos - heavy grower mash

  4. 60 kilos (20 weeks) - finisher mash
• System of Feeding the Hogs

  • Dry versus wet feeding
  • Individual versus group feeding
• Dry feeding


  Pigs are given dry concentrate feed in a separate trough from the drinking trough
• Wet feeding


  Concentrate feed is mixed with water, 1 part concentrate to 3 parts water
• Individual feeding


  Pigs are placed in individual pens and given the corresponding food requirements
• Group feeding


  Better than individual feeding if housing, facilities and labor cost are considered
• Dropping board

  • should be provided in the laying house to facilitate collection of manure
• Perches


  • Are horizontal poles where birds can sit and rest especially during night time.
• Nest


  • Where Hens or layers lay their eggs in a nest
  • Nest could be either open or close
• Feeding troughs


  • Should be constructed so as to keep the hens from scratching the feeds and wasting it
• Drinking troughs


  • should be large and sufficient enough to supply the water needs of the birds for the whole day
• Feed bins


  • Are Containers where feeds are stored for future use
• Incubator


  • A device for maintaining the eggs of birds to allow them to hatch
• Brooder


  • A heated container that can have its temperature.
• Breeding crate


  • Used when breeding gilt to a large boar or a large sow to a junior boar.
• Farrowing crate or stall


  • this equipment minimizes the movement of the sow and reduces the possibility of death of piglets due to crushing
• Shipping crate


  • Ideal to use when transporting pigs
• Castration rack


  • V-shaped equipment used during castration
  • Piglets are laid down with its back on the rack
• Feed cart


  • Used to transport feeds during feeding time
  • Can accommodate 100 kg of feed
• Self-feeders


  • Built-in concrete feeder is preferred
  • Should be designed and constructed so that feed wastage is minimized and the rate of flow of the feed can be regulated