diff between hyperglobalisers and transformationalist

• View on the power of the nation-state

  • Hyperglobalisers believe the state is becoming irrelevant, as global markets and corporations overpower state control.➤ Example: MNCs like Amazon operate across dozens of jurisdictions, often with more economic power than some states.
  • Transformationalists argue the state is evolving, not disappearing — globalisation changes how states operate but doesn't make them obsolete.➤ Example: States still control immigration and foreign policy even within the EU or UN frameworks.
• View on the inevitability of globalisation

  • Hyperglobalisers see globalisation as an unstoppable, inevitable force driven by technology and markets.➤ Example: The rise of digital platforms like TikTok and e-commerce shows how quickly global integration spreads.
  • Transformationalists believe globalisation is not linear or inevitable — it can take different forms depending on culture, politics, and resistance.➤ Example: China’s selective integration into the global economy shows states can shape globalisation to fit national priorities.
• View on the impact of globalisation

  • Hyperglobalisers often present globalisation in binary terms: it’s either a threat (hyperglobaliser pessimists) or a benefit (optimists).➤ Example: Thomas Friedman celebrates a "flat world" of global opportunity.
  • Transformationalists take a more nuanced view, seeing both integration and fragmentation — with winners and losers.➤ Example: Globalisation empowers some regions but also causes backlash, like populist resistance to migration in Europe.