Qualitative analysis

• test for halides

  add AgNO3

  Cl- = white precipitate

  Br- = cream precipitate

  I- = yellow precipitate

  but it is hard to tell the difference do further experiments are done
• precipitate is formed by silver nitrate
• further testing for halides -

  Cl- = the ppt will disappear when reacted with dilute NH3

  Br- = the ppt will disappear when reacted with concentrated NH3

  I- = the ppt will not disappear when reacted with concentrated/dilute NH3
• test for ammonia (NH4+) - add NaOH and heat, if NH4+ ions are present it will give off NH3 which turns red litmus paper blue.
• test for carbonate CO3^2- add acid to suspected carbonate. fizzing is produced and collect the gas and if turns lime water cloudy then it is present