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• Communication


  A process of sharing messages or information between the speaker and receiver using channels, contexts, media, and cultures
• Communication


  • Can be done using verbal and non-verbal cues
  • Can be seen in different situations such as face-to-face interaction, phone call conversation, group discussion, interview, class discussion and recitation
• Verbal Communication


  Can be written or spoken, uses language, a symbol consisting of drawings, letters and words
• Non-verbal Communication


  Consists of physical behavior commonly referred to as body language, use of gestures, space and voice
• Elements of Communication


  • Speaker
  • Message
  • Encoding
  • Channel
  • Decoding
  • Receiver
  • Feedback
  • Context
  • Barrier
• Speaker


  The source of information or message
• Message


  The information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in actions
• Encoding


  The process of converting the message into words, actions, or other forms that the speaker understands
• Channel


  The medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal, verbal or nonverbal, in which the encoded message is conveyed
• Decoding


  The process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the receiver
• Receiver


  The recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the message
• Feedback


  The reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver
• Context


  The environment where communication takes place
• Barrier


  The factors that affect the flow of communication
• Communication is a process that unfolds over time and creates our social world
• Communication occurs between two or more people (the speaker and the receiver)
• Communication can be expressed through words (verbal), action (nonverbal), or both at the same time
• Functions of Communication


  • Control
  • Social Interaction
  • Motivation
  • Emotional Expression
  • Information Dissemination
• Control


  Communication functions to control behavior
• Control


  • Doctor's prescription - "Take your medicine 3 times a day."
• Social Interaction


  Communication allows individuals to interact with others, used to produce social relationships; used to develop bonds
• Social Interaction


  • Invitation - "Would you like some coffee, tea, or me?"
• Motivation


  Communication motivates or encourages people to live better
• Motivation


  • Cheering - "Go girl! Slay!"
• Emotional Expression


  Communication facilitates people's expression of their feelings and emotions
• Emotional Expression


  • Appreciation - "I'm so glad that you came into my life."
• Information Dissemination


  Communication functions to convey information
• Information Dissemination


  • Giving information - "Did you know that there's a secret apartment at the top of the Eiffel tower?"
• Models of Communication


  • Linear Communication Model
  • Transactional Communication Model
  • Interactive Communication Model
• Linear Communication Model


  One-way process where the sender is the only source of the message and the receiver doesn't give feedback or response
• Transactional Communication Model


  Two-way process, purpose of transaction, there's an exchange of information, both "sender" and "receiver" are known as "communicators" and their role reverses each time in the communication process as both processes of sending and receiving occurs at the same time
• Interactive Communication Model


  Also known as convergence model, 21st century way of interaction where response is a must, channel is emphasized, message and feedback is through a channel, and can communicate to things, not just humans, deals with exchange of ideas and messages taking place both ways from sender and receiver and vice-versa
• All Models of Communication

  • Shannon-Weaver Model
  • Lasswell's Communication Model
  • Aristotle's Model of Communication
  • David Berlo's Model
  • Transactional Model
  • Barnlund's Model
  • Interactive Model
  • Schramm's Model
• Shannon-Weaver Model


  Communication as linear or one-way process, consists of five elements: source, transmitter, channel, receiver, and destination, lacks feedback
• Lasswell's Communication Model


  Describes an act of communication by defining who said it, what was said, in what channel it was said, to whom it was said, and with what effect it was said, possible that communication doesn't have a barrier and there is no effect from the receiver
• Lasswell's Communication Model


  • Signages like entrance and exit
• Aristotle's Model of Communication


  The first and earliest linear model, the speech must relate to the audience based on the occasion
• Aristotle's Model of Communication


  • A politician (the speaker) gives a speech on a market square during an election campaign (the occasion)
• David Berlo's Model


  Postulated Berlo's Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR) Model of Communication, described the factors affecting the individual components in the communication which makes the communication more efficient, focuses on the encoding and decoding which happens before the sender sends the message and before the receiver receives the message respectively
• David Berlo's Model


  • The news presenter is the source of the news who disseminates the information, the news is the message, and television is the channel, the audiences are the receivers of the message who watch the television, the audience cannot provide feedback