ETECH2

• Spreadsheet


  A software application that enables a user to save, sort and manage data in an arranged form of rows and columns
• Spreadsheets


  • They have become one of the widely used software programs
  • MS Excel is the most commonly used spreadsheet tool
• Uses of spreadsheets

  • Determine statistical analysis
  • Compute students' grades
  • Keep track of business accounts and inventories
  • Manage databases
• Spreadsheet components

  • Columns
  • Rows
  • Cells
  • Cell reference
  • Active cell
  • Text or labels
  • Number data or constant
  • Formula
  • Functions
• Columns


  Identified with alphabetical headings
• Rows


  Identified with numerical headings
• Cells


  Intersection of rows and columns
• Cell reference


  Also known as cell address, identifies a cell on a worksheet
• Cell reference is used when creating formulas in excel to ensure that the formulas are accurate
• Active cell


  The currently selected cell in a spreadsheet and is indicated by a bold outline that surrounds the cell
• Text or labels


  Identifies the purpose of a cell, it can be a brief instruction, a title or caption
• Number data or constant


  A value that doesn't change and is directly inserted into a cell
• Formula


  An expression that calculates the value of a cell
• Functions

  Pre-defined formulas that are already available in MS Excel
• A formula always begins with an equal (=) sign
• Commonly used Excel Functions

  • SUM
  • COUNT
  • MIN
  • MAX
  • AVERAGE
  • SUMIF
  • AVERAGEIF
  • COUNTIF
  • IF
• SUM

  Adds all the numbers in a range of cells
• COUNT

  Counts the number of cells that contain numbers
• MIN


  Returns the smallest number in a set of values
• MAX


  Returns the largest number in a set of values
• AVERAGE


  Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments
• SUMIF

  Adds the cells specified by a given condition or criteria
• SUMIF

  • RANGE are the range of the cells you want to evaluate
  • CRITERIA determines which cells will be added
  • SUM_RANGE are the cells containing numeric values and the cells to add if the condition is met
• AVERAGEIF


  Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet a given criteria
• AVERAGEIF


  • RANGE are the range of the cells you want to apply the criteria
  • CRITERIA determines which cells to average
  • AVERAGE_RANGE are the cells containing numeric values and the actual set of cells to average
• COUNTIF

  Counts the number of cells within a range that meet a single criterion that you specify
• COUNTIF

  • RANGE are the range of the cells to count
  • CRITERIA determines which cells to be counted
• IF


  Can perform a logical test and returns one value if TRUE and another if FALSE
• IF


  • LOGICAL TEST a value or logical expression that can be evaluated as true or false
  • Value if TRUE the value to return if the logical test or logical expression evaluates to TRUE
  • Value if FALSE the value to return if the logical test or logical expression evaluates to FALSE
• Online Search


  The process of interactively searching and retrieving requested information via a computer from databases that are online
• Search Engine


  A service that allows internet users to search for content via the World Wide Web (WWW). A user enters keywords or key phrases into a search engine and receives a list of Web content results in the form of websites, images, videos or other online data. The list of content returned via a search engine to a user is known as a search engine results page (SERP)
• Google


  • The best search engine worldwide, using sophisticated algorithms to present the most accurate results to the users, with a 87.35% market share
• Bing


  • The best alternative search engine to Google, with a search engine share between 2.55% and 12.61%
• Yahoo


  • One of the most popular email providers and its web search engine holds third place in search with an average of 2% market share
• CC Search


  • Searches across more than 300 million images from open APIs and the Common Crawl dataset, aggregating results across multiple public repositories into a single catalog, and facilitating reuse through features like machine-generated tags and one-click attribution
• Search engines help you to look for something on the web, but would you able to find it, or you found something you weren't expecting to find? You need to improve your research skills so you'll be able to find what you are looking for quickly and easily.
• Basic search techniques to follow

  1. Think before you search. Think about the topic or question you would like to search. Think about how you would describe the topic and choose 3 or 4 keywords.

  2. Keep it simple. Describe what you want in as few terms as possible.

  3. Be specific. The more precise your search terms are, the more precise your search results will be. Avoid general or common words.

  4. Imagine how the webpage you are hoping to find will be written. Use words that are likely to appear on that page.

  5. Capitalization, punctuation and spelling don't really matter. In most cases, search engines will ignore capitalization and punctuation in a search and will generally auto-correct your spelling mistakes.
• Ways to narrow your search results


  1. Use quotation marks to find exact phrases or names. Put a word or phrase inside quotes.

  2. Use Boolean Operators (AND, OR, and NOT) to broaden or narrow your search.

  3. Apply filters. After you search, most search engines have filters available that will refine you search to a specific type of contact.

  4. Search a specific site. If you're looking for a specific topic on a particular website, you can use site: to limit your search results to that site.

  5. Search for a specific file type. If you know that you're searching for a particular type of file use file type: to narrow your search results to a certain type of file.

  6. Search for a definition. If you are looking for a definition of a term, you can use define.

  7. Search for social media. Put @ in front of a word to search social media.

  8. Search for a price. Put $ in front of a number.

  9. Search hashtags. Put # in front of a word.

  10. Search for wildcards or unknown words. Put a * in your word or phrase where you want to leave a placeholder.

  11. Search within a range of numbers. Put .. between two numbers.