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• Who formulated the problem of evil?

  Epicurus
• What is natural evil?

  Evil resulting from natural world events
• Why is natural evil a problem for God's existence?

  God could have created a world without it
• What is moral evil?

  Evil caused by human actions
• Why does moral evil challenge God's existence?

  God could intervene to prevent it
• What is the logical problem of evil?

  Evil and God cannot coexist logically
• What does Mackie's 'inconsistent triad' argue?

  God, omnipotence, and evil cannot coexist
• What does omnipotence entail?

  The power to eliminate evil
• What does omnibenevolence entail?

  The motivation to prevent evil
• What is the conclusion of the logical problem of evil?

  God cannot exist if evil exists
• What is an a priori argument?

  Conclusion based on logical analysis
• What is an a posteriori argument?

  Conclusion based on experience and evidence
• What does the evidential problem of evil argue?

  Evil makes belief in God unjustified
• Who is associated with the evidential problem of evil?

  Hume
• What does Hume argue about animal suffering?

  Nature could be created with less pain
• What does Hume say about God's intervention?

  God could prevent natural disasters
• What is Original Sin according to Augustine?

  Corruption inherited from Adam and Eve
• How does Augustine explain the existence of evil?

  Evil is a privation of good
• What is Plantinga's free will defense?

  Evil results from the misuse of free will
• Why does Plantinga argue free will is valuable?

  It allows for a meaningful existence
• What is the conclusion of Plantinga's argument?

  Evil can coexist with an omnibenevolent God
• What is a strength of Augustine's theodicy?

  It logically explains the existence of evil
• What is a weakness of Augustine's theodicy?

  It seems unfair to punish descendants
• How does the problem of evil challenge the concept of omnibenevolence?

  It questions God's goodness in allowing evil
• What does the logical problem of evil claim?

  God and evil cannot coexist logically
• What is the significance of the Fall in Augustine's theodicy?

  It explains humanity's predisposition to sin
• How does Augustine view the relationship between evil and free will?

  Evil results from the misuse of free will
• What is the implication of Plantinga's argument for the existence of evil?

  Evil is necessary for the value of free will
• What does Augustine mean by "all evil is either sin or a punishment for sin"?

  Evil results from human actions or consequences
• How does Augustine define evil?

  Evil is the absence of good
• What does Plantinga argue about the value of free will?

  It is essential for a meaningful existence
• What is the relationship between original sin and punishment in Augustine's view?

  Original sin justifies humanity's punishment
• How does Augustine's theodicy address the existence of evil?

  It attributes evil to human free will
• What does the logical problem of evil require to be defeated?

  A logically possible reason for allowing evil
• What does the evidential problem of evil require to be defeated?

  Good evidence for God's existence despite evil
• What is the significance of Hume's skepticism about God's existence?

  It challenges the justification for belief in God
• How does the problem of evil relate to the concept of justice?

  It raises questions about God's justice
• What does Augustine argue about the nature of evil?

  Evil has no positive existence
• How does Plantinga's free will defense address natural evil?

  It suggests free will allows for natural evil
• What is the role of free will in Plantinga's argument?

  It is essential for moral responsibility