Particle model of matter

• internal energy is the energy stored inside a system by the particles that make up the system
• Internal energy is the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles that make up a system
• Heating changes the energy stored within the system by increasing the energy of the particles that make up the system.
• The increase in temperature in a system depends on the mass of the substance heated, the type of material and the energy input to the system.
• The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree Celsius.
• The energy needed for a substance to change state is called latent heat.
• When a change of state occurs, the energy supplied changes the internal energy but not the temperature
• The specific latent heat of a substance is the amount of energy required to change the state of one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature.
• Changing the temperature of a gas, changes the pressure exerted by the gas