EAPP

• Academic language


  Words or phrases that we use academically
• Contraction


  • Do not - Don't
  • Has been - Hasn't
• Academic vocabulary


  Used in all academic disciplines to teach about the content of the discipline
• Jargons


  Words used in a specific profession
• Semantics


  Meanings of each word
• Academic structure


  Established ways of organizing writing (which can affect how one reads) in a discipline. Different genres
• Syntax


  Arrangement of words/text
• Academic text


  A certain type of text that is frequently described as being formal, direct, studied, and able to influence its readers
• Characteristics of an academic text

  • Written by professionals
  • Uses formal language
  • The objective is to inform rather than to entertain
  • List of references
• Structure of an academic text

  • The reader is introduced to the topic that will be discussed
  • The discussion/analysis is carried out and the results are presented
  • The argument is summed up and conclusions are drawn
• Types of academic writing

  • Descriptive
  • Analytic
  • Persuasive
  • Critical
• Descriptive academic writing


  • The main objective is to give information or facts about the subject area
• Examples of descriptive academic writing


  • Summary
  • Report of the result of an experiment
• Analytic academic writing


  • The information needs to be reorganized and broken down into different types, groups, categories, sections, and relationships
• Examples of analytic academic writing


  • Movie analysis
  • Research
• Persuasive academic writing


  • Presents a point of view and seeks to persuade a reader. Can be an argument, exposition, discussion, review
• Examples of persuasive academic writing


  • Business proposal
  • Food reviews
  • Travelogue
• Critical academic writing


  • Analyzes and evaluates information, usually from various sources to develop an argument
• Examples of critical academic writing

  • A critique of a journal article
  • A literature review
• Ten main features of academic texts

  • Complexity
  • Formality
  • Objectivity
  • Explicitness
  • Hedging
  • Responsibility
  • Precision
  • Accuracy
  • Organization
  • Planning
• Non-academic text


  Articles intended for the mass public, published quickly and can be written by anyone
• Characteristics of non-academic text

  • May be personal, emotional or subjective in nature
  • May use informal, casual, or slang words in the text
• Examples of non-academic text

  • Personal journals
  • Letters to editors
  • Autobiographical writing
  • Magazine
  • Fiction writings
  • Letters
  • Writing for newspaper
  • E-mails
• Thesis statement


  The controlling idea that you will develop in your paper, usually found at the end of an introduction. Can be one, two or three sentences
• Elements of a thesis statement

  • Topic
  • Argument/claim
  • Evidence
• Outline


  A design to follow when writing a structure, a discourse, or an article. Arranges material in a logical way into main ideas, supporting ideas, and supporting details
• Main idea/topic in an outline

  • Indicated by Roman Numeral
• Subtopics in an outline

  • Noted by letters
• Supporting details in an outline

  • Indicated by Arabic Numerals
• Sentence outline


  Written in full sentences
• Topic outline


  Written in words or phrases
• Functions of an outline

  • Helps construct and organize ideas in a sequential manner and thoughtful flow
  • Allows picking relevant information or quotes from sources early on, giving writers steady foundation and groundwork when beginning the writing process
• Guidelines in writing an outline

  • Place the title at the center above the outline
  • Every level of the outline must have at least two items (I and II, A and B, 1 and 2)
  • Put a period after each numeral and letter
  • Indent each new level of the outline
  • All items of one kind (roman numerals, capital letters, and Arabic numerals) should line-up with each other
  • Capitalize the first letter of each item
  • The terms Introduction, Body, and Conclusion do not have to be included in the outline