CHEM

Cards (28)

  • Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)

    A model used to explain the behavior of matter and how it affects the physical and properties of materials
  • Matter
    • Made up of tiny particles that are constantly in motion
    • Energy varies depending on the temperature of the substance
  • States of matter
    • Solids
    • Liquids
    • Gases
  • Solids
    Least amount of energy, particles kept tightly packed together, only vibrate
  • Liquids
    Move a bit and flow, have more space in between matter than solids, less than gases
  • Gases
    Most space between them, easily the most compressible
  • Temperature of a substance
    Directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of its particles
  • Higher temperature, higher kinetic energy, lower temperature, lower energy
  • Spaces between molecules
    • Solids have smaller spaces than gases, liquids have bigger spaces than solids but smaller than gases, gases have the most amount of empty space
  • Phase change
    1. Sufficient change in temperature
    2. Intermolecular forces of attraction weaken
  • Higher temperature

    Lower intermolecular forces of attraction
  • Lower temperature

    Higher intermolecular forces of attraction
  • Sufficient heat applied to a substance weakens its intermolecular forces of attraction, causing particles to pull away from each other (e.g. ice to water)
  • Intermolecular forces
    Forces that hold the particles together, strength increases as distance between particles decreases
  • Temperature
    Directly proportional to intermolecular forces, as temperature increases kinetic energy increases and intermolecular forces decrease
  • Matter is made of particles that are constantly in motion, this energy in motion is called kinetic energy
  • The amount of kinetic energy in a substance is related to its temperature
  • There is space between particles, the amount of space is related to the substance's state of matter
  • Phase changes happen when the temperature of the substance changes sufficiently
  • There are attractive forces between particles called intermolecular forces
  • The strength of intermolecular forces increases as particles get closer together
  • Intermolecular forces
    Attractive forces that act between molecules or particles in the solid or liquid states, generally weaker than bonding forces
  • Types of intermolecular forces
    • Dipole-dipole
    • Ion-dipole force
    • Dispersion forces
    • Hydrogen bonds
  • Properties of liquids

    • Fluid and can flow, have definite volume but no definite shape, low compressibility, little space between particles
  • Liquids
    Have more kinetic energy than solids, thus having less intermolecular forces
  • Properties of solids
    • Don't flow, have definite shape and volume, little kinetic energy and vibrate in place, usually arranged in a tightly packed crystalline structure
  • Types of solids
    • Ionic solids
    • Molecular solids
    • Covalent network solids
    • Metallic solids
  • Stoichiometry
    The study of the quantitative aspects of chemical reactions, deals with the numerical relationships of elements and compounds and the mathematical proportions of reactants and products in chemical transformations