DRRR 3PE

• Greek prefix “dus”-means “bad”
• “Aster” means – “star”
• Disaster


  anything that befalls of ruinous or distressing nature; any unfortunate event," especially a sudden or great misfortune,
• from Italian disastro, literally "ill-starred," from dis-, here merely pejorative, equivalent to English mis- "ill" (see dis-) + astro "star, planet," from Latin astrum, from Greek astron "star" 
• Disaster Risk


  The probability that a community's structure and geographic area is to be damaged or destructed by the impact of a particular hazard
• Disaster Risk 


  The potential loss in lives, health status, livelihoods and various assests which are often challenging to quantify
• Disaster Risk


  It is derived from the interaction of social and environmental processes
• Exposure  


  the “ element at risk “ from a natural or man made hazard events.
• Hazard  

  A potentially dangerous physical occurrence, phenomenon or human activity that may result in loss in life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation.
• Vulnerability  


  The condition determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazard. Ex. Covid-19
• RISK FACTORS


  Are processes or conditions often development-related that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing level of exposure and vulnerability or reducing capacity. 
• Severity of Exposure


  Measure those who experience disaster first-hand which has the highest risk of developing future mental problems, followed by those in contact with the victims such as rescue workers and health care practitioners and the lowest risk are those most distant like those who have awareness of the disaster only through news.
• Gender and Family

  The female gender suffers more adverse effects. This worsens when children are present at home. Marital relationships are placed under strain. 
• Age

  • Adults in the age range of 40 – 60 are more stressed after disasters but in general, children exhibit more stress after disaster than adults do.
• Economic status of the country

  • Evidence indicates that severe mental problems resulting from disasters are more prevalent in developing countries like the Philippines . Furthermore it has been observed that natural disasters tend to have more adverse effects in developing countries than do man-caused disasters in developed countries.
• Environmental degradation


  both a driver and consequence of disasters, reducing the capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological needs.
• Impoverished people


   more likely to live in hazard-exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures.
• climate change


  a change which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and an addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
• Vulnerability


  Can determine the ability of a person or a group to predict, cope with, resist and recover from the effects to natural or human-induced threat. As vulnerability increases, it means that population is at greater risk of suffering from a severe natural danger. 
• Vulnerability


  •refers to the characteristics of a particular community or society that makes it susceptible to damaging effects of a hazard.
• Hazards


  •refer to any source of potential source of damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone
• Exposure


  •refers to the important assets of the society that might be affected by a hazard.
• Physical


  •it pertains to the materials used and processes of building infrastructures and different establishments within the society that makes it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.
• Social


  •it pertains to the condition of the society like poverty, inequality, and marginalization that makes it more susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.
• Economic


  •it pertains to the financial capability and other economic activities that makes the society susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.
• Environment-


  •it pertains to the behavior of man towards nature which affects the susceptibility of the society to damaging effects of a hazard.
• Political-


  •it pertains to the way the government manages the society to protect its people from the damaging effects of a hazard.
• NATURAL HAZARDS

  • Avalanche
  • Volcanic eruptions
  • Landslides
  • Hurricanes
  • Earthquake
  • Floods
  • Wild fires ot bush fires
  • Lightning
  • Sandstorm
  • Typhoon
  • Droughts
  • Storm surge
  • Tornadoes

  QUASI-NATURAL HAZARDS

  • Smog
  • Air pollution
  • Water pollution
  • Acid rain
  • Global warming
  • Desertification

  TECHNOLOGICAL OR MANMADE HAZARDS

  • Fires
  • Mining explosions
  • Biological attacks
  • Oil spill
  • Dam failures
  • Falling objects
  • Polluting ground water
  • Plane crashes
  • Epidemic in human
  • Plants and animals
  • Train accident
  • Transportation accidents
• Ground Shaking


  if an earthquake generates a large enough shaking or rapid vibration of the ground, it is produced by passing of seismic waves beneath the structure that generate sudden slip on the fault
• Ground shaking is measured in terms of the following:

  1. Velocity
  2. Acceleration
  3. Frequency
  4. Duration
• Ground Rupture/Ground displacement

  deformation on the ground that marks the intersection of the fault with the earth's surface
• Length


  it depends on the magnitude of an earthquake.
• Width


  the deformation along the length of ground rupture also largely depend on the type of faulting
• Tsunami


  long wavelength oceanic waves generated by the sudden displacement of seawater by a shallow earthquake
• Landslides


  ground shaking due to earthquakes destabilizes cliffs and steep slopes
• Subsidence


  lowering of the ground surface, often occurs during earthquakes
• Liquefaction


  occurs when waterlogged sediments are agitated by seismic shaking. this separates the grains from each other, reducing load bearing capacity