LESSON 4-6

• authority - the right to command
• legitimacy - the recognition and acceptance as right and proper
• traditional authority - authority handed down from one generation to the next
• charismatic authority - the ability to inspire and motivate others through their personality and charisma
• bureaucracy - structure or hierarchy that manages activities to manifest goals and objectives usually under private or public governance
• Buck Passing


  Playing the "blaming game", Attributing to another person or group one's own responsibility
• Bureaucrats seek means of exonerating themselves from blame
• Origin of "passing the buck"


  The expression is said to have originated from poker in which a marker/counter was used to indicate the person whose turn it was to deal. If the player did not wish to deal, the responsibility could be passed by the passing of the "buck," as the counter came to be called, to the next player.
• Passing the buck in international relations theory


  The tendency of nation-states to refuse to confront a growing threat in the hopes that another state will
• Passing the buck in international relations

  • The refusal of the United Kingdom, United States, France, and/or the Soviet Union to confront Nazi Germany effectively in the 1930s. With the Munich Agreement, France and the United Kingdom passed the buck to the Soviet Union, which then avoided armed confrontation by signing the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.
• "The buck stops here"


  A phrase that was popularized by U.S. President Harry S. Truman, who kept a sign with that phrase on his desk in the Oval Office. The phrase refers to the notion that the President has to make the decisions and accept the ultimate responsibility for those decisions.
• Red Tape


  Excessive regulation or rigid conformity to formal rules that is considered redundant and hinders or prevents action or decision-making
• Red Tape


  • Filling out paperwork, obtaining licenses, having multiple people or committees approve a decision and various low-level rules
• RA no. 9485: Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007


  An act to improve efficiency in the delivery of government service to the public by reducing bureaucratic red tape, preventing graft and corruption, and providing penalties therefor
• Social Action (Max Weber)


  An organized effort to change social and economic institutions as distinguished from social work or social service, the fields which do not characteristically cover essential changes in established institutions
• Mary Richmond


  She was the first social worker to use the word social action in 1922, defining it as "mass betterment through propaganda and social legislation"
• Traditional Action


  Guided by customary habits of thoughts by reliance to the eternal yesterday, occurs when the ends and the means of action are fixed by custom and tradition
• Traditional Action


  • Going to church every Sunday because you have been doing it since childhood, taking off your shoes before entering the house because you have always been told to do so
• Value-Rational Action

  Striving for a substantial goal, which in itself may not be rational but which is nonetheless pursued. Action is rational in relation to a specific value.
• Value-Rational Action


  • Person enlisting as a soldier because they are patriotic, a person quitting a company that does not align with their values
• Means-Ends Rationality Action


  Both goals and means are rationally chosen. The action that is determined by expectations as to the behavior of objects in the environment and other human beings. These expectations are used as 'conditions' or means for attaining the actor's own rationally pursued and calculated ends.
• Means-Ends Rationality Action


  • An engineer who built a bridge by the most efficient technique of relating means to ends
• Affective/Affectual Action


  Action determined by one's specific affections and emotional state, you do not think about the consequences. Here the feelings of the people are considered. Such action is neither rational nor traditional. Such action is unplanned. Affective action fuses means and ends together so that action becomes emotional and impulsive.
• Affective/Affectual Action


  • Hugging someone when you see them after a long time, crying at a sad film