LESSON 6

• SOCIALIZATION - the process through which we learn the norms, customs, values, and roles of society, from birth through death
• ENCULTURATION - we learn the requirements of our surrounding culture and aquire behaviors and values appropriate for this cuilture
• Early childhood - (3 to 8 yo), we learn mostly from our parents, learn through observation and imitation, acquire self-identity
• JOSEPH FISHER aid that socialization is a PROCESS of mutual influence between a person and his fellow man
• OBJECTIVE SOCIALIZATION - society acting upon the child
• SUBJECTIVE SOCIALIZATION - society transmits its culture from one generation to the next and adapts the individual to the accepted and approved ways of organized social life.
• types of social interaction

  1. Exchange
  2. Cooperation
  3. Conflict
  4. Coercion
  5. Competition
• ID - instinctual drives, unconscious and demand immediate satisfaction
• EGO - rational part of self
• SUPEREGO - internalized idea of right or wrong, morals take place
• Sensory Motor Stage - 0 to 2 yo, learning to use senses
• Preoperational stage - 2 to 4 yo, first use of language
• Concrete Operation stage - 7 to 11/12 yo, process info, exposed to the realities of the world
• Formal Operational Stage - 12+ yo, make decisions and be responsible
• Me - socialized aspect of the individual
• I - identity based on response to "me"
• Charles Horton Cooley's Looking Glass Self - conception of the self as a reflection of the self-image of others.

  Three principal elements of people's ideas of themselves

  1. APPEARANCE to other person
  2. JUDGMENT of that appearance
  3. SELF-FEELING
• types of education

  1. formal education - classroom setting
  2. informal education - lifelong process of learning
  3. non-formal education - oranized eductoral activity that takes place outside of a formal setup
• Bilateral Treaties and Pacts


  A treaty strictly between two state entities, an agreement made by negotiations between two parties, established in writing and signed by representatives of the parties
• Bilateral Treaties and Pacts

  • Both parties are benefitted
  • Not a source of inequality
• Conformity


  Behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions or standards, the anticipated behavior to follow, the desire to go along with the norms of a group of people, so one will be accepted as an in-group person
• Penalties and rewards for conduct

  Concerning a social norm
• Types of Conformity

  • Compliance (lowest)
  • Identification
  • Internalization (deepest level)
  • Ingratiational
• Compliance


  Individual accepts influence because they hope to achieve favorable reaction from another person/group
• Identification


  Individuals conform to the expectations of a social role
• Internalization


  Person changes their public behavior and their private beliefs
• Ingratiational


  Absence of peer pressure, person conforms to impress or gain favor/acceptance from other
• Deviance


  Departing from usual or accepted standards, especially in social or sexual behavior, a behavior that violates expected rules and norms
• General Categories of Deviance

  • Ritualist
  • Retreatists
  • Rebels
  • Innovation
• Ritualist


  A person who do not believe in the established cultural goals of society, but they do believe in and abide by the means for attaining those goals
• Retreatists


  Who reject both the cultural goals and the accepted means of attaining those goals
• Rebels


  They are not only reject both the established cultural goals and the accepted means of attaining those goals, they substitute new goals and new means of attaining these goals
• Innovation


  Accepting the goal of success but rejects the use of socially accepted means to achieve it, turning instead to unconventional and illegitimate means
• Labeling Theory


  Holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead the result of the externally-imposed label of "deviant"
• Labeling theory


  Takes the view that people become criminals when labeled as such and when they accept the label as a personal identity
• Types of Marriage

  • Endogamy
  • Exogamy
  • Hypergamy
  • Hypogamy
  • Homogamy
• Endogamy


  Selecting mates only from within one's own social/ethnic group
• Exogamy


  Selecting mates from outside one's own social/ethnic group
• Hypergamy


  Marriage between a high-class man and a low-class woman in society
• Hypogamy


  Marriage between a high-class woman and a low-class man in society