02.C Core Competency: Monitor supply of pharm products

• Elements: 


  • Examine the medicines in the assortment list or formulary • Assist in procurement of materials and services from qualified sources • Receive and deliver of stocks • Pack and dispatch orders • Handle product returned products or products for return
• Scope of pharmaceutical products:

  Prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines, medical devices, household remedies, and other healthcare products
• Understand the concepts and principles of


  Proper organization of products in the assortment list/formulary • Proper procurement guidelines and documentation • Good distribution practices • Appropriate process for receiving returned products from clients/patients, and returning products to suppliers
• Drug Management Cycle


  SPDU : Selection, Procurement, Distribution, Use
• Drug Management Cycle


  • The presence and implementation of rational selection, affordable prices, reliable health and supply systems, and sustainable financing, lead to improved access to medicines.
• Drug Selection


  Process of deciding which drugs may lead to better supply, more rational use, as well as lower costs in managing diseases
• Drug Selection


  • Important in rationalizing the scarce resources for vital products that must always be available at all levels of health care
• Drug Selection


  One of the most cost-effective areas for intervention
• Essential Medicines


  Those that are deemed to satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the population and that should be available in the appropriate dosage forms and strengths at all times
• Essential Medicines List


  Used for one or more health facilities, or for the public sector as a whole
• Essential Medicines List

  Drugs considered to be the optimal treatment choices to satisfy the health care needs of a given population
• supply list


  • Defines the range of medicines for the different levels of care and indicating dosage form, and sometimes, pack of size and other specifications.
• Essential Medicines List


  Can be considered a supply list
• Essential Medicines List

  Informs the procurement of medicines and provides a basis for deciding which medicines to be selected
• Formulary List


  • List of pharmaceutical products approved for use in a specific health care setting
• Formulary List Different forms: 


  • May be a national formulary list, a provincial list, a hospital list, or a list reimbursed by a health insurance program
• Formulary List


  Synonymous with essential drugs list
• Formulary Manual


  Contains summary drug information
• Formulary Manual


  NOT a full textbook • Instead, a handy reference material that of which contains selected information that is relevant to the prescriber, dispenser (pharmacist), nurse, or other health care worker
• Formulary System


  Encompasses the whole system for developing, updating, and promoting the formulary (essential medicines) list
• Formulary System includes in addition to the formulary list and formulary manual


  regular newsletters or bulletins, • guidelines for the use of non-formulary medicines, and • methods for evaluating the need for changes in the formulary list or manual
• Procurement


  The process of acquiring supplies from private and/or public suppliers, or through purchases from manufacturers, distributors, or agencies, such as UNICEF, WHO, or bilateral aid programs
• Effective Procurement


  Procuring the right drugs in the right quantities • Obtaining the lowest possible purchase price • Ensuring that the drugs procured meet recognized standards of quality • Arranging timely delivery to avoid shortages and stockouts
• Procurement Cycle


  Review drug selections, Determine quantities needed, Reconcile needs and funds, Choose procurement method, Locate and select suppliers, Specify contract terms, Monitor order status, Receive and check drugs, Make payment, Distribute drugs, Collect consumption information

  
• Consumption Method


  Uses records of past consumption of individual medicines (which are adjusted for stockouts and projected changes in medicine use) to project future need
• Consumption Method


  First choice for procurement quantifications, given reliable data • Most reliable predictor of future consumption
• Consumption Method Essential data:

  • Reliable inventory records • Records of supplier lead time • Projected pharmaceutical costs
• Consumption Method Limitations:

  Must have accurate consumption data • Can perpetuate irrational use
• Consumption Method process

  
• Inventory Management of Medicines Aims/Goals

  • to protect the quality and integrity of products AND services • to provide uninterrupted production, sales and/or customer-service levels, all at the minimum cos
• Inventory Management of Medicines


  PAs: Should ensure that fast selling medicines will not be out-of-stock
• distribution


  The division and movement of pharmaceutical products from the premises of the manufacturer of such products, or another central point, to the end user thereof, or to an intermediate point by means of various transport methods, via various storage and/or health establishments.
• Good Distribution Practices


  Part of quality assurance that ensures that the quality of a pharmaceutical product is maintained by means of adequate control of the numerous activities which occur throughout the distribution process
• Good Distribution Practices Personnel:


  Adequate number, should be trained and assessed, have appropriate ability and experience, wear appropriate personal protective, personal hygiene, Appropriate procedures and conditions of employment, codes of practice and disciplinary measures
• Stock Records


  The core records of inventory management • A source of info for forecasting and reordering • Can be manual or computerized
• Commonly Used Manual Store Records

  Ledger system, Bin cards, Kardex system
• • Ledger system


  • Where records are kept on ledger sheets that are bound in a binder or loose-leaf book
• • Bin cards


  • File cards that are kept physically with the stock itself
• • Kardex System


  File cards that are stored in a visible-edge record tray system, with names and stock numbers on the lower edge, and of which are overlapped to provide an index
• Supply systems


  Computerization (barcoding) is desirable if local situations can afford and support automation