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AQA GCSE Chemistry
Paper 2
Cram: Science Shorts
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Oskar Rejman
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Cards (106)
What is the rate of reaction?
How
quickly
a
reaction
happens
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How is the rate of reaction calculated?
Change in
quantity
divided by
time
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What can be measured to determine the rate of reaction?
Mass of
reactant
or
volume of gas
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What does increased turbidity indicate in a reaction?
The solution becomes
cloudy
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What happens to the time taken for a reaction as temperature increases?
It
takes
less
time
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What does a graph of gas volume against time typically look like?
A
curve
that levels out over time
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How can you find the rate of reaction at a specific time on a graph?
Draw a
tangent
at that point
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What effect does increasing concentration have on reaction rate?
It increases the rate of reaction
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Why does increasing temperature increase reaction rate?
Particles
move faster and collide more
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What is the role of a catalyst in a reaction?
It reduces
activation energy
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What happens in a reversible reaction?
Products
can revert to
reactants
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What is the Haber process used for?
To produce
ammonia
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What occurs at equilibrium in a closed system?
Rates of
forward
and
reverse
reactions equal
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What does Le Chatelier's principle state?
Systems adjust to
counteract
changes
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What happens if pressure is increased in a reaction with more moles on the left?
It favors the
forward reaction
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How does temperature affect endothermic reactions?
Higher
temperature favors the
endothermic
reaction
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What are organic compounds primarily made of?
Carbon atoms
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What is crude oil primarily composed of?
Hydrocarbons
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What is the general formula for alkanes?
C<sub>n</sub>
H<sub>2n+2</sub>
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What do all alkane names end with?
-ane
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What is the process used to separate crude oil into fractions?
Fractional distillation
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Why do longer alkanes have higher boiling points?
Stronger
intermolecular forces
require more energy
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What is LPG?
Liquid petroleum gas
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What is produced during complete combustion of alkanes?
Carbon dioxide
and
water
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What is the viscosity of longer fractions compared to shorter fractions?
Longer fractions are more
viscous
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What is the difference between alkenes and alkanes?
Alkenes have a
double bond
, alkanes do not
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How can you test for an alkene?
Add
bromine
water
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What happens when an alkene reacts with bromine water?
The mixture turns
colorless
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What is produced when an alcohol is oxidized?
A
carboxylic acid
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What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
-
COOH
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What is polymerization?
Joining
monomers
to form
polymers
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What is the repeating unit in a polymer?
The structure that repeats in the
chain
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What is condensation polymerization?
Joining two
monomers
with
water
produced
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What are amino acids?
Building blocks of
proteins
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What is DNA?
A molecule that stores
genetic
code
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What is a formulation in chemistry?
A
mixture
designed
for a
specific
purpose
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How can purity be tested in substances?
By measuring
melting
or
boiling
points
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What can be polymerized to make polypeptides?
Amino acids
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What is the full name of DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
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What structure does DNA form?
Double helix
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