Cram: Science Shorts

Cards (106)

  • What is the rate of reaction?
    How quickly a reaction happens
  • How is the rate of reaction calculated?
    Change in quantity divided by time
  • What can be measured to determine the rate of reaction?
    Mass of reactant or volume of gas
  • What does increased turbidity indicate in a reaction?
    The solution becomes cloudy
  • What happens to the time taken for a reaction as temperature increases?
    It takes less time
  • What does a graph of gas volume against time typically look like?
    A curve that levels out over time
  • How can you find the rate of reaction at a specific time on a graph?
    Draw a tangent at that point
  • What effect does increasing concentration have on reaction rate?
    It increases the rate of reaction
  • Why does increasing temperature increase reaction rate?
    Particles move faster and collide more
  • What is the role of a catalyst in a reaction?
    It reduces activation energy
  • What happens in a reversible reaction?
    Products can revert to reactants
  • What is the Haber process used for?
    To produce ammonia
  • What occurs at equilibrium in a closed system?
    Rates of forward and reverse reactions equal
  • What does Le Chatelier's principle state?
    Systems adjust to counteract changes
  • What happens if pressure is increased in a reaction with more moles on the left?
    It favors the forward reaction
  • How does temperature affect endothermic reactions?
    Higher temperature favors the endothermic reaction
  • What are organic compounds primarily made of?
    Carbon atoms
  • What is crude oil primarily composed of?
    Hydrocarbons
  • What is the general formula for alkanes?
    C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub>
  • What do all alkane names end with?
    -ane
  • What is the process used to separate crude oil into fractions?
    Fractional distillation
  • Why do longer alkanes have higher boiling points?
    Stronger intermolecular forces require more energy
  • What is LPG?
    Liquid petroleum gas
  • What is produced during complete combustion of alkanes?
    Carbon dioxide and water
  • What is the viscosity of longer fractions compared to shorter fractions?
    Longer fractions are more viscous
  • What is the difference between alkenes and alkanes?
    Alkenes have a double bond, alkanes do not
  • How can you test for an alkene?
    Add bromine water
  • What happens when an alkene reacts with bromine water?
    The mixture turns colorless
  • What is produced when an alcohol is oxidized?
    A carboxylic acid
  • What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
    -COOH
  • What is polymerization?
    Joining monomers to form polymers
  • What is the repeating unit in a polymer?
    The structure that repeats in the chain
  • What is condensation polymerization?
    Joining two monomers with water produced
  • What are amino acids?
    Building blocks of proteins
  • What is DNA?
    A molecule that stores genetic code
  • What is a formulation in chemistry?
    A mixture designed for a specific purpose
  • How can purity be tested in substances?
    By measuring melting or boiling points
  • What can be polymerized to make polypeptides?
    Amino acids
  • What is the full name of DNA?
    Deoxyribonucleic acid
  • What structure does DNA form?
    Double helix