Nomenclature

• -ane means no double bonds

  -ene means the presence of a double bond
• meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-
• Hydrocarbon ring molecules have the prefix cyclo-
• Alcohols have the suffix -ol
• Aldehydes, -al (COH)
• Ketones, -one (e.g. CH3C=OCH3)
• Carboxylic acids, -oic acid (C=OOH)
• fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), iodo (I)
• The number is also called a locant
• A homologous series is a group of organic compounds with the same functional group, but different carbon chain length.
• Homologous series molecules all share a general formula
• The length of the length of the carbon chain has little effect on the chemical reactivity of the functional group.
• The length of the carbon chain effects physical properties (e.g. boiling point)
• Branching chains generally reduce melting points as the molecules don't pack together well.