More electron arrangement

• S orbitals can hold up to 2 electrons

  P orbitals can hold up to 6 electrons

  D orbitals can hold up to 10 electrons

  F orbitals can hold up to 14 electrons
• Atomic orbitals

  • Different atomic orbitals have different energies
  • Atomic orbitals of each main level have different shapes which also have different energies
  • These shapes represent a volume of space in which there is a 95% chance of finding an electron
  • Any single atomic orbital can hold 2 electrons
• Electrons have the property spin:

  • Two electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins
  • Electrons usually represented by arrows showing their spin
• Allocating electrons to atomic orbitals

  • Atomic orbitals of lower energy filled in first
  • Atomic orbitals of same energy fill singly before pairs as electrons repel each other
  • No atomic orbital can hold more than two electrons