Genetics

• What is a deletion mutation?


  When a nucleotide is deleted from the DNA sequence
• What is an insertion mutation?

  A nucleotide is added to the DNA sequence
• Which mutations cause a frameshift mutation (every codon after the mutation is affected)?

  Deletion and Insertion
• What can a substitution mutation cause?

  Silent, missense, nonsense (mutations)
• What is a substitution mutation?


  One or more bases are swapped for others
• What is a missense mutation?

  Different amino acid is coded for
• What is a nonsense mutation?


  Stop codon is formed
• What is a silent mutation?


  No effect (degenerate code)
• 4 types of chromosomal mutations?

  Deletion, duplication, translocation (section of chromosome leaves and joins another non-homologous chromosome), Inversion (section breaks off, reversed, joins back)
• When lactose is present, where does it bind to?

  Repressor protein (alters its shape)
• When there is not lactose present, what is stopped?

  RNA polymerase
• What is it called when only one nucleotide is affected?

  point mutation