wall footing

• main reinforcement for flexure is placed at the bottom of the footing perpendicular to the wall along the short direction
• isolated columns are also known as pad or spread footings commoly used for shallow foundations in order to carry and spread concentrated loads
• wall footing are used to support structural or nonstructural walls to transmit and distribute the loads to the soil
• the width of the wall footing is generally 2-3 times the width of the wall
• framing is the skeleton of a building constructed one level on top of another
• girder is the horizontal beam which supports the floor joints
• joist is a horizontal structural member that supports the floor system or ceiling system
• slab is a foundation reinforced concrete and foundation floor
• span is the distance between structural supports
• concrete is an artificial stone. it is a result of mixing cement, fine and coarse aggregates and water
• a beam supports the transverse load with each end resting on a support
• girder is a beam that supports one or more smaller beams
• beams are classified as simple, continuous and semi-continuous beam
• cantilever beams are supported on one end and the other projecting beyond the support
• one-way slab is the most common type of reinforced concrete floor system. this is supported by two parallel beams.
• two-way slab is the other most common type of a slab used in building residential dwelling where all four sides are supported
• the size of the concrete hollow block used in wall footing is 4" thk
• 0.25 is the thickness of the footing
• 10mm is the size of the bars in vertical reinforcement bars at 0.80 on center
• 0.40 is the width of the footing