R&W

• Discourse


  Formal and lengthy discussion of a topic, arranged in an organized and logical manner
• Purpose of discourse


  • To inform, clarify, and explain a phenomenon
• Types of discourse


  • Narration
  • Critique
  • Literary discourse
  • Diary
  • Poetic discourse
  • Expressive discourse
  • Transactional discourse
  • Academic discourse
  • Argumentation
  • Description
• Steps in writing a brainstorming list

  1. Think of a general topic

  2. Brainstorm ideas

  3. Illustrate connections

  4. Choose topics

  5. Free write about them
• Case study


  A careful and intensive study of a specific subject or variable
• Topic outline


  A list of ideas arranged in a specific order, documenting all observations and conclusions about the subject
• Laboratory report


  Formal documentation of an experiment, including objectives, methods, and results
• Field report


  Analyzes behavior patterns based on specific theories, providing detailed accounts of observations
• Characteristics of good writing

  • Free of errors in grammar and punctuation
  • Conveys purpose clearly
  • Develops thoughts and arguments clearly
  • Conforms to writing conventions of its discipline
  • At par with required level of formality
• Purposes of business writing

  • To incite action
  • To elicit responses
• Characteristics of business writing

  • Strict format
  • Objective
  • Formal
• Common writings in business

  • Memorandum
  • Résumé
  • Letter of request
  • Circular letter
  • Cover letter
  • Minutes of the meeting
• Features of a good scientific text

  • Objectivity
  • Jargon
  • Hypothesis
  • Research
• Components of a good resume


  • Work history
  • Educational history
  • Achievements, trainings, organizations
  • Contact information
  • References
• Humanities


  A collective term for arts, languages, and philosophies, involving literature, music, film, and history
• Purposes of the humanities

  • Mediate objects of human culture for its audience
  • Convince or persuade
• Characteristics of a humanities-related text

  • Contains topics or claims that are debatable
  • May cause counterarguments
  • Uses abstract nouns and less specific word choice
  • May have both denotations and connotations
  • Uses first-person and/or third-person pronouns
• Common writings in the humanities

  • Critique
• Long quotations


  Contain at least 40 words and are set apart from the main text
• Review in APA format

  Written by reviewers who are not considered experts, assessing a particular work such as a movie, book, or music
• Citation


  The quoting of a passage, book, or author as evidence for or justification of an argument or statement
• Basic steps of citation

  1. Determine the type of source

  2. Identify the structure for the source and key in the source's information

  3. Add your source to the reference list

  4. Add the in-text citation
• Contrast


  Illustrates differences between people, things, places, events, situations, or ideas
• Cause and effect


  Explains how an event or action leads to another
• Narration


  Narrative tells a story, reports events leading to a conclusion
• Definition


  Explains a concept, term, or subject in simple language
• Problem-solution


  Presents problems and solutions
• Process analysis


  Exemplification shows or explains an idea with examples, classification sorts subjects into groups based on shared characteristics