digestive

• the digestive system main function is to break down food into nutrients for the body to use
• the three ways the body uses the nutrients it breaks down are?

  growth, repair, energy
• t/f : the mouth is the first organ of the digestive tract?

  true
• digestion can first begin when you take your first bite or when you are really hungry, smell food, and salivate
• the three uses for the nutrients (that are broken down) are all used in the CELLS
• what are the two types of digestion?

  chemical and mechanical
• mechanical digestion is a physical change, ex: change in size/shape
• chemical digestion is a change in consistency
• mechanical digestion is when food is broken down into smaller pieces by chewing/grinding/churning
• chemical digestion is the process of enzyme-filled saliva mixing with the food and breaking it down into a bolus
• examples of chemical digestion are SALIVATION and enzymes breaking down food
• a bolus is a ball-like ball of food that is made in the mouth during chemical digestion
• the pharynx is the second organ in digestive system "flow"
• the esophagus' structure is that is a 10" long, smooth muscular tube, located between the stomach and the pharynx
• what are the three parts of the pharynx?

  Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
• the pharynx's main function is to receive the bolus and carry it to the esophagus
• the teeth and tongue are both accessory organs in the mouth that do mechanical digestion
• the salivary glands are located near the mouth and do chemical digestion
• what are the parts of the pharynx that are used in digestion?

  oropharynx, laryngopharynx
• peristalstis is involuntary constriction and relaxation of smooth muscle to move food through the digestive tract
• the esophagus is a 10" long, smooth muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach
• the esophagus' main job is to move through it using peristalsis and to secrete mucus
• where does the esophagus transport food to?

  stomach
• the stomach is a j-shaped, sac-like organ made of smooth muscle that is about the size of two fists, and is located in the upper left abdomen
• the stomach contains HCL and digestive enzymes that grind and mix to make chyme
• what kind(s) of digestion take place in the stomach?

  mechanical and chemical
• t/f : the stomach can expand to about the size of a melon?

  true
• the small intestine is a 20ftx1in (dimensions) smooth muscular tube that connects the stomach to the colon and contains villi
• the small intestine's main job is the absorption of nutrients and to further break down the chyme
• what kind(s) of digestion take place in the small intestine?

  chemical
• what is another name for the large intestine?

  colon
• the large intestine is a 5ftx2.5in (dimensions) smooth muscular tube that connects the small intestine to the rectum
• the colon's main function is to absorb water and process waste
• if the colon absorbs too much water, what condition can you get?

  diarrhea
• the rectum is the last part of digestion at the end of the colon
• the rectum's main function is to receive and hold waste and to let you know when you need to go
• what are the three accessory organs within the abdomen?

  pancreas, liver, and gall bladder
• where do all the abdomen accessory organs secrete into?

  small intestine
• do the three abdomen accessory organs EVER touch the actual food?

  no
• the pancreas produces digestive enzymes