science

• Collision theory


  Explains how chemical reactions occur when particles collide with enough energy and in the correct orientation
• Collision theory


  • Substances or particles of reactants must physically collide with enough energy
  • Substances or particles must come into contact or collide in the correct orientation (facing the correct way)
• All substances are comprised of millions of tiny particles in constant motion
• All collisions between particles do not result in a reaction
• Chemical reactions have been a part of this world ever since everything began
• Chemical reactions are common in our daily lives: from cooking, eating, cleaning to the different chemical processes like respiration, corrosion and fermentation
• How our body lives and grows are results of many chemical reactions that takes place, although you may not recognize them
• A reaction occurs when reactant particles collide with enough energy and in the correct orientation to break and reform chemical bonds, forming new products
• Collision Theory


  • Substances or particles of reactants must physically collide with enough energy
  • Substances or particles must come into contact or collide in the correct orientation (facing the correct way)
• Factors affecting rate of chemical reaction

  • Activation Energy
  • Temperature
  • Concentration
  • Surface Area and Particle Size
• Increasing the concentration of reactants in a solution

  Increases the frequency of collision of particles and the rate of reaction
• Increasing the concentration


  There is more of the solute in the solution
• Increasing the temperature


  Increases the collision of particles
• When analysing markets, a range of assumptions are made about the rationality of economic agents involved in the transactions
• The Wealth of Nations was written

  1776
• Rational


  (in classical economic theory) economic agents are able to consider the outcome of their choices and recognise the net benefits of each one
• Rational agents will select the choice which presents the highest benefits
• Producers act rationally by


  Selling goods/services in a way that maximises their profits
• Workers act rationally by


  Balancing welfare at work with consideration of both pay and benefits
• Governments act rationally by


  Placing the interests of the people they serve first in order to maximise their welfare
• Rationality in classical economic theory is a flawed assumption as people usually don't act rationally
• Demand curve shifting right

  Increases the equilibrium price and quantity
• Marginal utility


  The additional utility (satisfaction) gained from the consumption of an additional product
• If you add up marginal utility for each unit you get total utility