3.1.6 ATP

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  • ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate
  • ATP has a ribose bound to a molecule of adenine and 3 phosphate groups
  • ATP is broken down through a hydrolysis reaction, using a water molecule. This reaction is catalysed by ATP hydrolase.
    ATP -> ADP + Pi
  • One way in which the hydrolysis of ATP is used in cells:
    • Coupled to energy requiring reactions within cells e.g, active transport or protein synthesis
    • Inorganic phosphate released can be used to phosphorylate other compounds, making them more reactive
  • ATP is resynthesised in cells through a condensation reaction, removing a water molecule. This reaction is catalysed by ATP synthase. This occurs in respiration and photosynthesis.
    • ADP + Pi -> ATP
  • The properties of ATP make it a suitable immediate source of energy for cells. These properties are:
    • Releases energy in a small amounts and has little energy lost as heat
    • It is a single reaction and has one bond hydrolysed to release energy so it is immediate release
    • It also cannot pass out of cell