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Chemistry
Paper 2
Atmosphere
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Created by
Grace Oyelade
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Cards (65)
What gases were included in the Vilanic cases?
Carbon Dioxide
,
water vapour
, and other gases
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What percentage of the atmosphere is oxygen?
21%
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What percentage of the atmosphere is nitrogen?
78%
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What percentage of the atmosphere consists of other gases?
1%
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How did volcanoes contribute to the formation of the atmosphere?
They released
gases
that formed the atmosphere
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What gas was released by volcanoes that contributed to the atmosphere?
Water vapour
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What happened to water vapour as the Earth cooled?
It
condensed
to form the oceans
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What gas did volcanoes release that was abundant in the early atmosphere?
Carbon Dioxide
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What was the composition of the early atmosphere?
Mainly
carbon Dioxide
with little
Oxygen
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What gas did volcanoes release that gradually built up the atmosphere?
Nitrogen
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What small amounts of gases did volcanoes release?
Methane
and
ammonia
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What did the early atmosphere mainly consist of?
Mainly
carbon Dioxide
with small
nitrogen
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What is the current composition of the atmosphere?
Mainly
nitrogen
, a bit of
oxygen
, and other gases
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What happened to water vapour from volcanoes?
It condensed to form
oceans
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What did some carbon Dioxide in the sea form?
A
weak acid
that reacted with minerals
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What did the reaction of carbon Dioxide with minerals form?
Precipitates that formed
carbonate rock
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How did corals and shells of organisms form?
From
carbon Dioxide
used by organisms
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What happened to the carbon in dead organisms like mussels?
It formed
sedimentary rock
limestone
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What evolved in the oceans that produced oxygen?
Photosynthetic
algae
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What did photosynthesis produce that entered the atmosphere?
Oxygen
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What increased the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere over time?
The evolution of
plants
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What was the significance of oxygen levels reaching a certain point?
It allowed animals to
evolve
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What happens to carbon during photosynthesis?
It is
taken
in and can be
trapped
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What do all fossil fuels contain?
Trapped carbon
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Why are fossil fuels considered non-renewable?
They cannot be
replenished
quickly
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How is coal formed?
From
ferns
and trees in
wetlands
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What prevents decomposition of plant remains in wetlands?
Lack of
oxygen
or
acidic
conditions
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What happens to plant remains to form coal?
They are covered with sediment and
compressed
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What creates coal?
High
temperature
and
pressure
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What is crude oil formed from?
Plankton
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What happens to plankton when they die?
They settle in mud on the
sea-bed
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What prevents plankton from decomposing?
Absence of
oxygen
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What happens to plankton over time?
They are compressed by
sediment
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What converts compressed plankton into crude oil?
Heat and pressure
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What is natural gas mainly composed of?
Methane
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Where is natural gas typically found?
Near
deposits
of oil
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What is the greenhouse effect?
Trapping of heat by
greenhouse gases
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How does the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere change?
It varies depending on
temperature
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What are greenhouse gases?
Water vapour
,
carbon dioxide
, and
methane
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How does energy from the sun reach the Earth?
As short
wavelength
radiation
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