Neural tube formation

• During neurulation, the notochord induces the overlying ectoderm to thicken into a neural plate, which then folds dorsally to become the neural groove.
• Neurulation involves the folding, bending, and fusion of the embryonic disc to form the central nervous system (CNS).
• The neural crest is the area between the ectoderm and mesoderm.
• Neurulation involves the folding, bending, and fusion of the embryonic disc to form the central nervous system (CNS).
• The neural groove eventually closes at its anterior end to form the neural tube, while the remaining open portion becomes the neural crest.
• Neurulation is important because it establishes the central nervous system (CNS) and forms the brain and spinal cord.
• The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, with the brain being more complex than the spinal cord.
• The process of neurulation is divided into three stages: primary neurulation, secondary neurulation, and tertiary neurulation.
• The neural crest cells migrate along specific pathways during development.
• Abnormalities during neurulation can lead to birth defects such as spina bifida or anencephaly.
• The neural crest gives rise to various structures such as melanocytes, sensory ganglia, cranial nerves, and parts of the peripheral nervous system.
• Mesencephalon - midbrain
• Neurulation occurs during gastrulation when the primitive streak forms on the ventral side of the blastula.
• Primary neurulation occurs during gastrulation when the primitive streak forms on the ventral side of the blastula.
• The brain has three main parts: forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
• In humans, the process begins around day 18-20 post fertilization.
• The neural crest gives rise to various structures such as melanocytes, cranial nerves, sensory ganglia, sympathetic ganglia, adrenal medulla, Schwann cells, satellite cells, and some bone and cartilage.
• The neural tube develops from the neural plate, which is formed by the invagination of the ectoderm along the midline of the embryo.
• Primary neurulation occurs during gastrulation when the primitive streak appears on the dorsal side of the blastula.
• The neural crest migrates from the region where it forms to other parts of the body during development.
• The neural tube undergoes further development to form the brain and spinal cord.
• The forebrain includes the cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, optic chiasm, and pituitary gland.
• Secondary neurulation begins around day 16-20 of gestation and continues until birth.
• The neural crest contributes to the formation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) by giving rise to nerve fibers that extend outward from the CNS.
• The midbrain contains the tectum, tegmentum, substantia nigra, red nuclei, cranial nerve III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, and cerebellar peduncles.
• Tertiary neurulation refers to the development of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes nerves that extend from the CNS to other parts of the body.
• Primary neurulation occurs between days 16-24 of gestation and results in the closure of the posterior neuropore.
• Secondary neurulation begins around day 30 and continues until birth.
• Secondary neurulation occurs from day 30 onwards and leads to the closure of the anterior neuropore.
• Primary neurulation occurs between days 16-24 of embryonic development.
• Tertiary neurulation involves the migration of neural crest cells from the dorsal region of the neural plate towards the periphery.
• Primary neurulation occurs between days 16-24 of embryonic life when the ectoderm folds over itself to form the neural plate.
• Tertiary neurulation refers to the growth and differentiation of the neural tube into the mature brain and spinal cord.
• Neurulation is the process of forming the central nervous system (CNS) during embryonic development.
• Neurulation refers to the process of forming the central nervous system during embryonic development.
• Neurulation refers to the process of forming the central nervous system (CNS) during embryonic development.
• The neural groove deepens and eventually closes at both ends, resulting in the formation of the neural tube.
• The neural crest cells are derived from the ectoderm layer during gastrulation and migrate along the dorsolateral aspect of the developing embryo.
• In secondary neurulation, the neural tube elongates along its length as it grows.
• In secondary neurulation, the neural tube elongates along its length through cell proliferation and migration.