Organisms

• Label Diagram

  A) Trachea

  B) Ribs

  C) Intercostal Muscles

  D) Bronchus

  E) Bronchioles

  F) Alveoli

  G) Lungs

  H) Lungs

  I) Diaphragm

  
• What effect does smoking have?

  Paralyses cilia
• What effect does asthma have?

  Narrows bronchi and bronchioles
• What effect does exercise have?

  Increases lung capacity
• What is cilia? What is their purpose?

  Microscopic hair-like structures found on the surface of cells. They push mucus (and the pathogens trapped in it) out of the trachea.
• What is the definition of carbohydrate?

  To provide energy. A food example is rice or potatoes.
• What is the definition of protein?

  To help with growth and repair. A food example is meat or fish.
• What is the definition of fibre?

  To keep small intestine working. A food example is cereal.
• What is the definition of vitamins?

  To keep the body healthy. A food example is fruit or vegetables.
• What is the definition of minerals?

  
To keep the body healthy. A food example is fruit or vegetables.
• What is the definition of fats and oils?


  To store energy. A food example is butter or nuts.
• What is the definition of water?


  To keep the body hydrated. A food example is water.
• What happens when we breathe in?

  • diaphragm contracts
  • ribs move up and out
  • volume of chest increases
• What happens when we breathe out?

  • diaphragm relaxes and moves out
  • ribs fall
  • volume of chest decreases
• What happens in the alveoli?

  • oxygen diffuses out into the blood
  • carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli from the blood capillaries
• How are the alveoli adapted allow efficient gas exchange?

  • thin walls
  • large surface area
  • moist for gases to dissolve in
• Label Diagram

  A) Mouth

  B) Oesophagus

  C) Stomach

  D) Liver

  E) Pancreas

  F) Large Intestine

  G) Small Intestine

  H) Rectum

  I) Anus

  
• Describe the mouth:

  Mixes food with silvia and chews it
• Describe the oesophagus:

  Passes food to the stomach
• Describe the stomach:

  It contains hydrochloric acid (mechanical and chemical digestion)
• Describe the liver:

  It makes bile, which breaks up large pieces of fat in the small intestine
• Describe the pancreas:

  It releases pancreatic juices to neutralise stomach acid
• Describe the large intestine:

  It absorbs water from the waste food
• Describe the small intestine:

  It contains enzymes. Nutrients are absorbed into the blood here
• Describe the rectum:

  It stores waste
• Describe the anus:

  It allows waste to pass out through it
• Name the 3 diseases caused by a lack of vitamins and minerals:

  • Scurvy (lack of vitamin C)
  • Rickets (lack of vitamin D)
  • Anemia (lack of iron)
• What is the measure that tells a person if they are underweight, healthy, overweight or obese?

  BMI (body mass index)
• Why does the digestive system contain enzymes, such as amylase and protease?

  To break large food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the blood
• Which enzymes can be located in the digestion system?

  Amylase, Protease, Lipase