cell cycle

• cell cycle is the continuous series of events in the life of a cell in which it is born, grows, reproduces, and dies.
• G1 phase - growth phase where cell increases in size by synthesising proteins and other molecules
• 2 Main stages are growth (interphase(90%) and division stage (Mitosis and cytokinesis(10%)
• Cell division begins after a sperm fertilizes an egg
• Somatic (non-reproductive body cells) undergo mitosis to replace cells that have been damaged or destroyed
• 2 daughter cells are produced and are identical to the parent cell
• Cells reproduce by mitosis to grow, repair, and replace cells
• Interphase happens before mitosis and it the period between cell division
• Interphase is the growth, life functions, duplication of genetic info and organelles, and preparation for cell division
• g1 is the first stage of interphase(first growth), phase 20%, where the cell grows, carries life function and prepares for cell division
• S phase is the second stage of interphase(second growth), phase 30% , where DNA replicates
• G2 is the third stage of interphase(20%) where the cell grows, continues to carry life functions, and final preparations for cell division
• Mitosis is the second stage of cell division and it has 4 stages within it.
• first stage of mitosis is prophase, where DNA condenses (chromatin forms chromosomes.
• chromatin is a mixture of DNA and proteins forming chromosomes.
• centrioles move with help of spindle fibers to opposite ends of cell during prophase(first stage of mitosis).
• Chromosomes is the second stage of mitosis where chromosomes line along center of cell. Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome. Spindle fibers from each pole attach to one of the chromatids in each chromosome.
• Anaphase is the third step in mitosis, where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers.
• Telophase is the 4th step of mitosis where daughter chromosomes decondensed back into chromatin where 2 new nuclear membranes form and cells begin to pinch.
• cytokinesis is the stage after mitosis where cell membrane pinches in 2, splitting the cell. It looks slightly different in plants(cell plates) and animals(cleavage furrow)