Using genome projects

• What is the genome


  The complete set of genetic information contained in the cells of an organism
• What is genome sequencing

  ~Identifying the DNA base sequence of an individual

  ~This allows us to determine the amino acid sequence of the polypeptides coded for by that DNA
• What is the proteome


  The complete set of proteins that can be produced by a cell
• Can we directly translate the genome into the proteome

  ~In simple organisms, yes

  ~In complex organisms, due to the presence of non-coding DNA and regulatory genes, it is much harder to obtain the proteome
• Give an application of sequencing the proteome in simple organisms

  Identifying potential antigens for use in vaccine production
• Give some applications of genome sequencing

  ~Comparing genomes between species to determine evolutionary relationships

  ~Genetic matching

  ~Personalised medicine

  ~Synthetic biology
• How have sequencing methods changed over time

  ~Used to be a manual process, however now it has become automated

  ~A reaction mixture is created and after the process is complete, a machine reads the base sequence