Milk

• What is the approximate fat percentage in whole milk?

  3.9%
• What is the fat percentage in green semi-skimmed milk?

  1%
• What is the fat percentage in red skimmed milk?

  0%
• What is the purpose of treating fresh milk?

  To kill pathogenic bacteria
• What is homogenization in milk processing?

  Breaking up fat molecules to prevent separation
• How quickly is milk heated in a heat exchanger?

  Very quickly to 72°C in 15 seconds
• What happens to milk after it is heated in the heat exchanger?

  It is rapidly cooled below 10°C
• Does heating milk affect its flavor or color?

  No, it doesn't affect flavor or color
• What are the key processes involved in milk treatment?

  • Heating to kill pathogenic bacteria
  • Homogenization to break up fat molecules
  • Rapid cooling to preserve quality
• What is the process of ultra heat treatment?

  Heating milk quickly to high temperatures
• At what temperature is milk heated during ultra heat treatment?

  132°C for one second
• What happens to milk after ultra heat treatment?

  It is rapidly cooled and packed
• How is ultra heat treated milk stored?

  In sealed special multilayered storage pouches
• What is the storage condition for ultra heat treated milk?

  Completely sealed and stored at room temperature
• How long can sterilized milk be stored unopened?

  For months
• What happens to milk once it is opened?

  It becomes high-risk and must be refrigerated
• What is the main reason for the color change in milk during ultra heat treatment?

  Due to caramelization of sugars
• What happens to proteins in milk during ultra heat treatment?

  Some proteins are denatured
• What percentage of Vitamin B1 is lost during ultra heat treatment?

  90%
• What percentage of Vitamin B12 is lost during ultra heat treatment?

  35%
• How is sterilized milk stored?

  In sterilized glass containers
• What are the key steps in the ultra heat treatment process for milk?

  • Heat milk quickly to 132°C for one second
  • Rapidly cool the milk
  • Pack in sealed multilayered storage pouches
  • Store unopened at room temperature
  • Once opened, refrigerate and consume quickly