chapter 9

Cards (196)

  • Aorta
    The largest artery, it receives blood from the left ventricle and branches to all parts of the body
  • Aortic valve
    The valve at the entrance to the aorta
  • Apex
    The point of a cone-shaped structure (adjective; apical); the apex of the heart is formed by the left ventricle and is pointed toward the inferior and left
  • Artery
    A vessel that carries blood away from the heart; all except the pulmonary and umbilical arteries carry oxygenated blood
  • Arteriole
    A small vessel that carries blood from the arteries into the capillaries
  • Atrioventricular (AV) node
    A small mass in the lower septum of the right atrium that passes impulses from the sinoatrial (SA) node toward the ventricles
  • Atrioventricular (AV) valve
    A valve between the atrium and ventricle on the right and left sides of the heart; the right AV valve is the tricuspid valve; the left is the mitral valve
  • Atrium
    An entrance chamber, one of the two upper receiving chambers of the heart
  • AV bundle
    A band of fibers that transmits impulses from the atrioventricular (AV) node to the top of the interventricular septum; it divides into the right and left bundle branches, which descend along the two sides of the septum; the bundle of his
  • Blood pressure
    The force exerted by blood against the wall of a vessel
  • Bundle branches
    Branches of the AV bundle that divide to the right and left sides of the interventricular
  • Capillary
    A microscopic blood vessel through which materials are exchanged between the blood and the tissues
  • Cardiovascular system
    The part of the circulatory system that consists of the heart and the blood vessels
  • Depolarization
    A change in electrical change from the resting state in nerves or muscles
  • Diastole
    The relaxation phase of the heartbeat cycle
  • Electrocardiography
    Study of the electrical activity of the heart as detected by electrodes (leads) placed on the surface of the body; also abbreviated EKG from the German electrocardiography
  • Endocardium
    The thin membrane that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the valves
  • Epicardium
    The thin outermost layer of the heart wall
  • Functional murmur
    Any sound produced as the heart functions normally
  • Heart
    The muscular organ with four chambers that contracts rhythimically to propel blood through vessels to all parts of the body
  • Heart rate
    The number of times the heart contracts per minute; recorded as beats per minute (bpm)
  • Heart sounds
    Sounds produced as the heart functions; the two loudest sounds are produced by alternate closing of the valves and are designated S1 and S2
  • Inferior vena cava
    The large inferior vein that brings blood low in oxygen back to the right atrium of the heart from the lower body
  • Left AV valve
    The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; the mitral valve or bicuspid valve
  • Mitral valve
    The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; the left AV valve or bicuspid valve
  • Myocardium
    The thick middle layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle
  • Pericardium
    The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart
  • Pulmonary artery
    The vessel that carries blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs
  • Pulmonary circuit
    The system of vessels that carries blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated and then back to the left side of the heart
  • Pulmonary veins
    The vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the left sides of the heart
  • Pulmonary valve
    The valve at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
  • Pulse
    The wave of increased pressure produced in the vessels each time the ventricles contract
  • Purkinje fibers
    The terminal fibers of the cardia conducting systems; they carry impulses through the walls of the ventricles
  • Repolarization
    A return of electrical charge to the resting state in nerves or muscles
  • Right AV valve
    The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle; the tricuspid valve
  • Septum
    A wall dividing two cavities, such as two chambers of the heart
  • Sinus rhythm
    Normal heart rhythm
  • Sinoatrial (SA) node
    A small mass in the upper part of the right atrium that initiates the impulses for each heartbeat; the pacemaker
  • Sphygmomanometer
    An instrument for determining arterial blood pressure
  • Superior vena cava
    The large superior vein that brings blood low in oxygen back to the right atrium from the upper body