chapter 10

• Agranulocyte


  A white blood cell that does not have visible granules in its cytoplasm. Agranulocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes
• Albumin


  A simple protein found in blood plasma
• Antibody


  A protein produced in response to and interacting specifically with an antigen
• Antigen


  A substance that induces the formation of an antibody
• B cell


  A lymphocyte that matures in lymphoid tissue and is active in producing antibodies; B lymphocyte
• Band cell


  An immature neutrophil with a nucleus in the shape of a band; also called a stab cell. Band cell counts are used to track infections and other diseases
• Basophil


  A granular leukocyte that stains strongly with basic dyes; active in allergic reactions
• Blood


  The fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system
• Roots: hem/o, hemat/o mean blood
• Coagulation


  Blood clotting
• Cross-matching


  Testing the compatibility of donor and recipient blood in preparation for a transfusion. Donor red cells are mixed with recipient serum to look for an immunologic reaction. Similar tests are done on tissues before transplantation
• Electrolyte


  A substance that separates into charged particles (ions) in solution; a salt. Term also applied to ions in body fluids
• Eosinophil


  A granular leukocyte that stains strongly with acidic dyes; active in allergic reactions and defense against parasites
• Erythrocyte


  A red blood cell
• Roots: erythro/o, erythrocyt/o mean erythrocyte
• Erythropoietin (EPO)


  A hormone produced in the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow. This hormone is now made by genetic engineering for clinical use
• Fibrin


  The protein that forms a clot in the blood coagulation process
• Fibrinogen


  The inactive precursor of fibrin
• Formed elements


  The cellular components of blood
• Gamma globulin


  The fraction of the blood plasma that contains antibodies; given for passive transfer of immunity
• Granulocyte


  A white blood cell that has visible granules in its cytoplasm. Granulocytes include neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils
• Hemoglobin (Hb, Hgb)


  The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen
• Hemostasis


  The stoppage of bleeding
• Immunity


  The state of being protected against a disease
• Root: immun/o means immunity
• Immunoglobulin (Ig)


  An antibody. Immunoglobulins fall into five classes, each abbreviated with a capital letter: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
• Leukocyte


  A white blood cell
• Roots: leuk/o, leukocyt/o mean leukocyte
• Lymphocyte


  An agranular leukocyte active in immunity (T and B cells); found in both the blood and in lymphoid tissue
• Roots: lymph/o, lymphocyt/o mean lymphocyte
• Megakaryocyte


  A large bone marrow cell that fragments to release platelets
• Macrophage


  A phagocytic cell derived from a monocyte; usually located within the tissues. Macrophages process antigens for T cells
• Monocyte


  An agranular phagocytic leukocyte
• Neutrophil


  A granular leukocyte that stains weakly with both acidic and basic dyes. The more numerous of the white blood cells. A type of phagocyte
• Phagocytosis


  The engulfing of foreign material by white blood cells
• Plasma


  The liquid portion of the blood
• Plasma cell


  A mature form of a B cell that produces antibodies
• Platelet


  A formed element of the blood that is active in hemostasis; a thrombocyte (root: thrombocyt/o)
• Serum


  The fraction of plasma that remains after blood coagulation; it is the equivalent of plasma without its clotting factors (plural: sera, serums)
• T cell


  A lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and attacks foreign cells directly; T lymphocyte