chapter 11

• Adenoids


  Lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharyngeal tonsils
• Alveoli


  The tiny air sacs in the lungs through which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the blood in respiration
• Bronchiole


  One of the small subdivisions of the bronchial tubes
• Bronchus


  One of the larger air passageways in the lungs; the bronchi begin as two branches of the trachea and then subdivide within the lungs
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)


  A gas produced by energy metabolism in cells and eliminated through the lungs
• Carbonic acid


  An acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water, H2CO3
• Compliance


  A measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure; compliance is reduced in many types of respiratory disorders
• Diaphragm


  The dome-shaped muscle under the lungs that flattens during inspiration
• Epiglottis


  A leaf-shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea
• Expectoration


  The act of coughing up material from the respiratory tract; also the material thus released; sputum
• Expiration


  The act of breathing of or expelling air from the lungs; exhalation
• Glottis


  The opening between the vocal folds
• Hemoglobin


  The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen
• Inspiration


  The act of drawing air into the lungs; inhalation
• Larynx


  The enlarged, superior portion of the trachea that contains the vocal folds
• Lingual tonsils


  Small mounds of lymphoid tissues at the posterior of the tongue
• Lung


  A cone-shaped, spongy respiratory organ contained within the thorax
• Mediastinum


  The space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space
• Nose


  The organ of the face used for breathing and housing receptors for the sense of smell; includes an external portion and an internal nasal cavity
• Oxygen (O2)


  The gas needed by cells to release energy from food during metabolism
• Palatine tonsils


  The paired masses of lymphoid tissue located on either side of the oropharynx; usually meant when the term tonsils is used alone
• Pharynx


  The throat; a common passageway for food entering the esophagus and air entering the larynx
• Phrenic nerve


  The nerve that activates the diaphragm
• Pleura


  A double-layered membrane that lines the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) and covers the lungs (visceral pleura)
• Pleural space


  The thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleura; pleural cavity
• Pulmonary ventilation


  The movement of air into and out of the lungs
• Sinus


  A cavity or channel; the paranasal sinuses are located near the nose and drain into the nasal cavity
• Sputum


  The substance released by coughing or clearing the throat, expectoration, it may contain a variety of materials from the respiratory tract
• Surfactant


  A substance that decreases surface tension within the alveoli and eases lung expansion
• Trachea


  The air passageway that extends from the larynx to the bronchi
• Turbinate bones


  The bony projections in the nasal cavity that contain receptors for the sense of smell, also called conchae
• Vocal folds


  Membranous folds on either side of the larynx that are important in speech production, also called vocal cords
• • pnea

  Breathing
• Dyspnea

  Shortness of breath; painful or difficult breathing
• • oxia

  Level of oxygen
• Hypoxia


  Decreased amount of oxygen in the tissues
• • capnia

  Level of carbon dioxide
• Hypocapnia


  Decreased carbon dioxide in the tissues
• • phonia

  Voice
• Aphonia

  Loss of voice