Tissue

• Squamous epithelium


  Thin, flat cells that line surfaces involved in diffusion, such as alveoli in the lungs.
• Columnar epithelium


  Elongated cells with goblet cells and cilia found in the respiratory tract, involved in mucus production and movement to protect the lungs from pathogens.
• Endothelial tissue


  Forms the inner lining of blood vessels in the cardiovascular system.
• Risk factors that damage endothelial cells and contribute to atherosclerosis:

  - high blood pressure

  - smoking

  - high cholesterol levels.
• Skeletal muscle fibers


  Long, multinucleated cells responsible for voluntary movement.
• Fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers

  Differ in contraction speed, endurance, and energy usage, influencing athletic performance.
• Neurons


  Specialised cells for transmitting electrical impulses.
• Nerve impulse conduction


  Involves changes in membrane permeability to sodium and potassium ions and the role of myelination in saltatory conduction.
• Graphical displays of nerve impulses and electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings


  provide information about electrical activity in the nervous system and heart.
• Synaptic structure and neurotransmitters

  Neurons communicate through synapses using neurotransmitters like acetylcholine.
• Imbalances in brain chemicals

  (e.g., dopamine, serotonin) can contribute to conditions like Parkinson's disease and depression.
• Drugs can affect synaptic transmission, and L-Dopa is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.