muscular system

• describe the structure of striated muscle

  it is made up of fibres, they have a striped appearance, they contain a lot of mitochondria and they contain sarcomeres
• identify two muscles and where they are found in the body

  chest: pectorals major buttock: gluteus maximus
• explain two ways muscles are attached to the body

  tendons attach bone to muscle, fascia surround muscle
• outline how antagonistic muscles make a skeleton move

  they are in pairs causing movement when one contracts
• outline two types of muscle contraction

  isometric muscle length does not change and concentric muscle length shortens
• what is muscular dystrophy?


  progressive condition, changes occur in the muscle fibres, affecting muscle function. it begins by affecting one group of muscles and then eventually the heart and respiratory muscles are affected causing death
• what do tendons link?

  muscles to bones
• what do ligaments link?

  bone to bone
• what are agonists?


  prime movers - main activating muscles
• what are antagonists?


  work as a pair and in opposition to agonists, one relaxes and the other contracts
• what are synergists?


  work to assist agonist or antagonist muscles
• what are fixators?


  stabilise bones, enabling agonists to work effectively
• compare synovial and fibrous joints

  both connect bones but synovial joints have a space between the bones, fibrous are immovable synovial are freely moveable
• outline two types of muscle contraction

  isometric, muscle length does not change. eccentric, muscle lengthens