anger management

• +benefit better than BM as tackles the root cause of offending e.g cognitive processes that trigger anger and offending behaviour as BM only deals with the surface of the problems. suggests AM more likely to lead to permanent change. But AM studies not support the assumption from Blackburn 1993 AM noticeable impact on convict little evidence reduces recidivism because role play not representative of all triggers. therefore only applies to limited situations
• -depends on individual factors. howell 2005 investigation australian convicts. researchers found pps who had AM had little impact to those who had not. but not true for all convicts as some had significant progress who had higher anger levels before. also convicts who are more open to change had similar gains. suggests benefits certain profile as they are open to change.
• -expensive as needs highly trained professionals who are used to dealing with violent convicts. for this reasons prisons dont have the resources for AM. also the success based off commitment of pps and it may be a problem for those who are uncooperative. change takes time and ultimately adds to the expense of delivering an effective programme. suggests effective AM not work in most prisons
• CBT:

  Novaco 1975 suggests cog factors trigger emotions and precedes aggressive acts. anger induce quickly in danger and anxiety situations. becoming angry is reinforced as have control. cbt allows individual to be taught how to recognise cog trigger of anger and loss of control, encouraged to develop techniques to bring resolution resolution without anger
• 1.cog prep:

  reflect on past experience and consider typical pattern to identify triggers and if the way they react is irrational therapist makes it clear. redefining the situation as non threatening attempt to break down automatic response
• 2.skills acquistion:

  cog positive self talk to encourage calmness. communication amde more effective and practised regularly
• 3.application practise:

  given chance to practise skill in a controlled environment. involves therapist winding up offender. if successful positive reinforcement from therapist
• positive outcome young offenders:

  keen 2000studied progress made by young offenders 17-21 nationally devised AM devised 1992 updated 1995 developed england and wales. 2 8 hour sessions for a period of time. final outcomes awareness increased