21st

• The first synthetic microbe

  Synthia
• Every human cell contains 23 chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes.
• The cell contains 35000 genes and it is the distinct portion of the DNA responsible for inheritance
• A single stranded chromatid will copy itself by producing its sister chromatid through the process called REPLICATION.
• Before the production of protein, RNA is first synthesized by a process called TRANSCRIPTION. Which uses the DNA as a template.
• RNA is used to code to produce the desire protein as dictated in the code of DNA found in the nucleus of the cell through a process called TRANSLATION.
• RNA  bases form triplets called CODONS. One codon correspond to one amino acids.
• In early 70s, biologist have realized they can manipulate and deliberately recombined DNA molecules from different species in the laboratory
• The special molecular scissor are used by genetic engineer, which are actually proteins called RESTRICTION ENZYME
• MOLECULAR CLONING is done by inserting the desired DNA fragment (gene) into a VECTOR, either a virus, bacterial plasmid DNA
• GLYPHOSATE is a powerful herbicide which kills actively growing plants