Exam 3

• Spinal cord


  Part of the nervous system for communication between different body systems (and is located beneath the notochord)
• Motor function


  modification and control of voluntary postures and movement patterns
• Sensory function


  Reception and processing of information (generates a person's awareness of their environment)
• Autonomic function


  Regulation of involuntary physiologic processes (heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal)
• Paraparesis


  partial loss of voluntary motor control in lower limbs
• Paraplegia


  The inability to voluntarily move the lower parts of the body
• Hemiplegia


  Paralysis of one side of the body
• Quadriplegia


  Paralysis of all four limbs
• Triplegia


  A medical condition characterized by the paralysis of three limbs
• Cervical Spine


  7 vertebrae
• Thoracic Spine


  12 vertebrae
• Lumbar Spine


  5 vertebrae
• Sacral Spine


  5 vertebrae
• Coccyx


  1 bone at the base of the spinal cord
• Location of spinal injury

  Higher in spinal cord, worse the injury affects the body
• Degree of spinal injury

  Graded A-E.

  Grade A = complete spinal injury

  Grade E = normal function
• Ambulation


  The ability to walk from place to place independently
• Pulmonary function


  Gas exchange and oxygenation
• Neurogenic bladder/bowel


  A spinal cord injury that interrupts communication with bladder/bowel
• Decubitus Ulcers


  Pressure sores
• Spasticity


  Abnormal muscle tightness
• Contractures


  A condition of shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, often leading to deformity and rigidity of joints
• Osteoporosis


  Bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases
• Chronic pain


  long standing pain that persists beyond the usual recovery period or occurs along with a chronic health condition
• Autonomic Dysreflexia


  An abnormal overreaction of the autonomic system to stimulation
• Gross Motor Function Classification


  Classifies a patient’s level of gross motor function based on his typical performance
• Functional Mobility Scale


  Quantifies mobility according to the need for assistive devices in different environmental settings
• Manual Ability Classification System


  Describes upper extremity performance in ADLs for children with cerebral palsy
• Cerebral Palsy


  Group of disorders of the development of movement and posture
• Anoxia


  Lack of oxygen
• Hypertonia


  high muscle tone
• Dystonia


  Abnormal muscle tone
• Hyperkinetic


  Excess movements
• Ataxia


  without coordination
• The four types of CP

  • spastic
  • dyskinetic
  • ataxia
  • mixed
• Spina Bifida


  Neutral tube defect
• Neural tube


  Forms the early brain and spine
• Notochord


  rod-like tube made of cartilage-like substance providing structural support
• Occulta


  Least severe but most common form of Spina Bifida
• Meningocele


  least common. There is a sac on the outside of the body filled with spinal nerve fluid but usually no nerve damage