chapter 10

• What are point and performance scale concepts?

  many differences between weschler and original Binet scales were profound; 2 critical differences (1) Weschler use of the point scale concept rather than an age scale used in the early Binet Test, (2) Weschler’s inclusions of nonverbal performance scale (performance tests)
• The point scale concept?

  grading system: credits or points are assigned to each item and individual receives a specific amount of credit for each item passed.
• Weschler Subtest: Vocabulary subest?

  VERBAL , defining words, vocabulary appears on nearly every test that involves verbal intelligence, it is the best single measure of intelligence and most stable, least affected by brain injuries.
• Weschler Subtest: What does the vocabulary test pull for?

  auditory comprehensions (speech spoken out loud, produce answer, speak it back), long term memory (words stored)
• Weschler Subtest: Abstract Thinking?

  VERBAL, similarities subsets consist of paired items of increasing difficulty, measure subjects ability to see the similarity between apparently dissimilar objects, items becomes increasingly abstract as you go. (e.g., how are apples and oranges alike? )
• Weschler Subtest: Abstract Thinking, what does it pull for?

  reasoning, abstract thinking, verbal fluency, auditory comprehensions, knowledge of the object.
• Weschler Subtest: Arithmetic (concentration)?

  VERBAL, contains 15 relatively simple math problems that increase in difficulty, mental math orally presented, tests working memory (you can't write down problems), no paper or pencil with time limits per problem.
• Weschler Subtest: Arithmetic (concentration), what does it pull for?

  concentration, attention (because of the time limits), motivation, auditory comprehension, working memory (visual spatial sketch pad), knowledge of math.
• Weschler Subtest: Digit Span (immediate memory and anxiety)?

  VERBAL, requires subject to repeat digits, given at the rate of one per second, forward and backwards, DIGITS CAN'T BE REPEATED IN THE TASK, measure of working memory and auditory memory.
• Weschler Subtest: Digit Span (immediate memory and anxiety), what are digits forwards and backwards?

  Forwards: auditory code in sequential fashion (phonological loops: responsible for verbal and auditory processing, repeating things in your head) e.g., 913425

  Backwards: visual working memory, more difficult than forward; loads higher on g, e.g., they say 123 and you say 321
• Weschler subtest: Digit Span, what does it pull for?

  working memory, attention
• Weschler Subtest: Information (range of knowledge)?

  VERBAL, measures range of knowledge of items that appear in increasing difficulty (associated with formal education), has the MOST culturally loaded questions, has intellective and non-intellective components (comprehend instructions, follow directions, provide response)
• Weschler Subtest: Information (range of knowledge) what does it pull for?

  auditory comprehension, crystalized intelligence, recall ability, long term memory, cultural loading
• Weschler Subtest: Comprehension subtest?

  VERBAL:

  (1) asks the subject what should be done in a given situation, as in “What should you do if you find an injured person lying in the street?”

  (2) asks the subject to provide a logical explanation for some rule or phenomenon, as. “Why do we bury the dead?”

  (3) asks the subject to define proverbs such as, “A journey of 1000 miles begins with the first step."
• Weschler Subtest: Comprehension subtest generally measures what?

  judgement in everyday practical situations, or common sense, knowing what to do in different situations, emotional difficulties frequently reveal themselves on this subtest and lower the person’s scores, explains social phenomena.
• Weschler Subtest: Comprehension subtest, what does it pull for?

  crystalized intelligence, auditory comprehensions, verbal fluency, executive planning (thinking ahead), long term memory.
• Weschler Subtest: Digit Symbol Coding?

  PERFORMANCE, Requires the subject to copy symbols from a defined set relating them to numbers, Numbers 1-9 are each paired with a symbol, and the subject has 120 seconds to copy as many symbols as possible.
• Weschler Subtest: Digit Symbol Coding, what does it aim to measure?

  Measures the ability to learn an unfamiliar task --> on the spot learning of a novel task, visual motor dexterity, degree of persistence, speed of performance. Subjects must have visual acuity and appropriate motor capabilities to do it well but age can play a factor.
• Weschler Subtest: Digit Symbol Coding, what does it pull for?

  processing speed, visuomotor skill, serial search (1-9), short term memory.
• Weschler Subtest: Block Design subtest?

  PERFORMANCE, Included in nonverbal measures of intelligence, Block design includes nine variously colored blocks, Materials include: booklet with pictures of the blocks arranged in designs, increases in difficulty designs. 
• Weschler Subtest: Block Design, what does it pull for?

  Reasoning, analyzing spatial relationships, integrate visual and motor functions. Input information (pictures and designs) is visual, output response is motor.
• Weschler Subtest: Matrix Reasoning?

  subtest in the perceptual reasoning index scale in an effort the assessment of fluid intelligence, involves our ability to reason, Presented with nonverbal, figural stimuli. Task = identify a pattern or relationship between the stimuli.
• Weschler Subtest: Matrix Reasoning, what does it pull for?

  Information processing and abstract reasoning skills.
• Weschler Subtest: Symbol Search Subtest?

  Added in recognition of the role of processing speed in intelligence, Shown 2 target geometric figures, Task is to search from among a set of fix additional search figure and determine whether the target appears in the search group.
• What are the 4 indexes of the Weschler?

  verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed
• Weschler: What is the verbal comprehension index?

  measure of acquired knowledge and verbal reasoning (crystallized intelligence).
• Weschler: What is the perceptual reasoning index?

  visual puzzles, blocks design, matrix reasoning. (fluid intelligence)
• Weschler: What is the notion of working memory index?

  refers to information that we actively hold in our minds.
• Weschler: What is the processing speed index?

  measure how quickly our minds work.
• Weschler/WASI-IV: What are FSIQs?

  Measure of General Intelligence Score of the WAIS: Obtained by summing the age-corrected scaled scores of all four index composites (verbal, perceptual, working memory, processing speed)
• What are 3 psychometric properties of adult scales of the WAIS-IV?

  Standardization: stratified sample 2200 adults divided into 13 age groups.

  Reliability: attests to the internal and temporal reliability of the four index and full scale IQ

  Validity: rests heavily on its correlation with earlier versions of the test.