MCQ Chapter 4

• Basic unit of matter

  Atom
• Kinetic Molecular Theory


  • All matter is composed of atoms or molecules that interact physically
  • It explains the various states of matter
  • The temperature of a substance is defined by the average kinetic energy of its molecules
• Solid


  Fixed volume but variable shape
• Liquid


  Fixed volume but variable shape
• Gas


  Variable volume and variable shape
• Plasma


  Variable volume and variable shape
• Temperature


  • How hot or cold the substance is
  • The total internal energy of a substance
  • The average kinetic energy of the molecules of the substance
• The temperature in °C when a Fahrenheit thermometer reads 98.6° F is 37° C
• Absolute Zero


  The lowest temperature possible (0 Kelvin)
• Heat


  The measure of the internal energy that has been absorbed or transferred from one body to another
• Specific Heat


  The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 Celsius degree
• 5.5 kcals of heat are supplied to a 2.0 kg mass of copper, the temperature of the copper will increase by 29.6 Co
• Conduction


  • Works through the transfer of energy from molecule to molecule
  • Is slowed down in your home by the addition of insulation to walls
  • Works best in solids
• The bathroom tile "feels" colder because it is a better conductor of heat than the carpet
• Convection


  The form of heat transfer by large scale displacement of groups of molecules that occurs only in liquids and gases
• Radiation does not require atoms or molecules to transfer heat
• Latent Heat


  The energy that goes into or out of the internal potential energy and does not change the temperature of the substance
• Heating a block of ice with a constant source of heat

  1. The temperature increases as the ice begins to melt

  2. The temperature remains constant as the ice melts
• Adding heat to a 1.0 kg block of ice at -10 oC until it is completely converted to 1.0 kg of steam at 100 oC

  The process requiring the greatest addition of heat is the vaporizing the water to steam
• Ways to increase the rate of evaporation of a liquid

  • Increasing the temperature of the liquid
  • Decreasing the atmospheric pressure of the liquid
  • Uncovering the container
  • Increasing the surface area