Origins of psychology

• What is psychology?

  A scientific study of the human mind
• What does psychology include in its study?

  It includes behavior and mental functions
• What is the aim of science?

  To discover general laws
• What is introspection?

  The first experimental attempt to study the mind
• How does introspection study the mind?

  By breaking down conscious awareness into basic structures
• Who is associated with the concept of dualism?

  Descartes
• What does dualism suggest about mind and body?

  They are independent entities
• What is empiricism?

  The idea that knowledge comes from experience
• How does empiricism relate to understanding the world?

  It emphasizes knowledge through sensory experiences
• What does behaviorism focus on?

  Observable behaviors
• What is the significance of the survival of the fittest concept?

  It explains how stronger genes prevail
• When did psychology emerge as a separate discipline?

  In the late 19th century
• What was psychology a branch of before becoming independent?

  Philosophy
• How did Freud contribute to psychology?

  He developed the psychodynamic approach
• What does the psychodynamic approach aim to uncover?

  Unconscious conflicts influencing behavior
• Who developed the behaviorist approach?

  Watson and Skinner
• What is the focus of behaviorism?

  On observable behavior rather than mental states
• How does behaviorism differ from other psychological approaches?

  It ignores mental processes and focuses on behavior
• What is the main idea of the survival of the fittest theory?

  Stronger genes survive longer
• How does the survival of the fittest relate to psychology?

  It explains adaptive behaviors in species
• What century did psychology become a separate discipline?

  19th century
• What does the emergence of psychology as a science signify?

  It marks a shift from philosophy to empirical study
• How did the development of psychology as a science impact its study?

  It allowed for systematic investigation of behavior
• What is the significance of the 19th century for psychology?

  It marks the establishment of psychology as a discipline
• What does the term "psychodynamic" refer to?

  It refers to the influence of unconscious processes
• How did Freud's theories influence modern psychology?

  They introduced the importance of the unconscious mind
• What is the main focus of behaviorism?

  Observable behavior
• How does behaviorism explain learning?

  Through conditioning and reinforcement
• What is the relationship between behaviorism and the scientific method?

  Behaviorism relies on empirical observation and experimentation
• What is the significance of the 20th century for psychology?

  It saw the rise of various psychological approaches
• How did the emergence of psychology as a science change its study?

  It introduced systematic methods for research
• What impact did Freud have on the understanding of human behavior?

  He emphasized the role of unconscious motivations
• What is the main idea of the psychodynamic approach?

  It aims to uncover unconscious conflicts
• How does the psychodynamic approach differ from behaviorism?

  It focuses on internal conflicts rather than behavior
• What is the relationship between behaviorism and the psychodynamic approach?

  They represent different perspectives on human behavior
• What is the significance of the 19th century for psychology?

  It marks the establishment of psychology as a discipline
• What does the term "psychodynamic" refer to?

  It refers to the influence of unconscious processes
• How did Freud's theories influence modern psychology?

  They introduced the importance of the unconscious mind
• What is the main focus of behaviorism?

  Observable behavior
• How does behaviorism explain learning?

  Through conditioning and reinforcement