Chloroplasts in plant cells carry out photosynthesis
Cells specialise through differentiation
Inoculating loops must be sterilised
The zone of inhibition around antibiotic discs indicates the effectiveness of the antibiotic
Chromosomes contain coils of DNA
Genes are short sections of DNA that code for proteins and control characteristics
There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell of the body, resulting in 46 chromosomes in total
Sex cells have 23 chromosomes
Mitosis is a step in the cell cycle
Interphase: cell grows, organelles increase, DNA is replicated, and energy stores are increased
Cytokinesis: twoidenticaldaughtercells form when the cytoplasm and cell membranes divide
Mitosis is important for growth, development, and replacing damaged cells in multicellular organisms
Mitosis is vital for asexual reproduction
Stemcells are undifferentiated cells that can produce many similar cells
Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into anytype of cell in the body
Adult stem cells found in bone marrow can form many types of cells
Therapeutic cloning involves producing an embryo with the same genes as the patient to obtain embryonicstemcells for medical use
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lowerconcentration
Osmosis is the movement of water from a lessconcentrated solution to a more concentrated one through a partially permeable membrane
In animals, osmosis can cause cells to burst or become shrivelled depending on the external solution concentration
In plants, osmosis can lead to turgor pressure or plasmolysis depending on the external solution concentration
Active transport is the movement of particles from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, requiring energy from respiration