Mitosis

• G1 Phase - The first gap phase where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication.
• Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle, during which cells grow and prepare to divide.
• S Phase - The synthesis phase where DNA is duplicated, resulting in two identical copies of chromosomes.
• Prophase: the first stage of cell division where the chromosomes become visible as two sister chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears. Early mitotic spindle formation.
• Telophase: the fourth stage of cell division where the nuclei reform around the separated sets of chromosomes, the mitotic spindle disassembles, and cytokinesis occurs through cleavage furrowing or pinching off.
• Metaphase: the second stage of cell division where the chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate (metaphase plate) along the microtubules of the mitotic spindle.
• Anaphase: the third stage of cell division where the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the mitotic spindles towards opposite poles of the cell.
• Cytokinesis: the final step of cell division that involves the separation of cytoplasm into two daughter cells.
• Mitosis is the process by which eukaryotic cells divide to produce genetically identical daughter cells.
• Interphase is the longest stage of the cell cycle and includes G1, S, and G2 phases.
• The stages of mitosis include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
• During interphase, the cell grows and replicates its DNA.
• In prophase, the chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the mitotic spindle forms.
• In prometaphase, the nuclear membrane breaks down and the mitotic spindle forms from microtubule fibers extending from the centrosomes.
• During metaphase, the chromosomes align on the metaphase plate and attach to the spindle fibers through their kinetochores.
• Telophase marks the end of mitosis and includes the formation of new nuclei and the breakdown of the mitotic spindle.
• G1 phase is when the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication during S phase.
• During prometaphase, kinetochores (protein structure) forms at each centromere.
• Kinetochores bind with microtubules extending from centrosome forming kinetchore microtubules during prometaphase.
• Non-kinetochore microtubules interact with other non-kinetochore microtubules causing the lengthening of the cell. This is during Anaphase.
• During telophase, chromosome become less condensed and 2 nuclear envelope reforms crating 2 identical daughter cells.
• The cells after mitosis is diploid and genetically identical to parent cell.
• During s phase in the interphase, the cell grows and replicates its DNA and organelles.