Nervous system

Cards (146)

  • Central Nervous System
    Includes the brain and spinal cord
  • Peripheral Nervous System
    Consists of all nerves and ganglia outside the CNS
  • Sensory nervous system
    Afferent nervous system
  • Motor nervous system
    Efferent nervous system
  • Somatic motor nervous system

    From CNS to voluntary muscles
  • Autonomic motor nervous system

    From CNS to involuntary muscles
  • Sympathetic autonomic nervous system

    Fight or flight
  • Parasympathetic autonomic nervous system

    Rest and digest
  • Enteric Nervous System

    Has motor and sensory neurons contained wholly in the digestive tract
  • Multipolar neurons
    Most neurons
  • Bipolar neurons
    Found in the retina and nasal cavity
  • Pseudo unipolar neurons
    Found in the dorsal root ganglion
  • Astrocytes
    Major supporting cell, blood-brain barrier
  • Ependymal cells
    Produces CSF
  • Microglia
    Immune cells
  • Oligodendrocytes
    Myelin sheath of the CNS
  • Schwann cells
    Myelin sheath of the PNS
  • Multiple sclerosis
    Potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord
  • Multiple sclerosis - the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers axons
  • Gray matter
    40% of the brain, contains most of the brain's neuronal cell bodies, serves to process information, fully develop once a person reaches his 20's
  • White matter
    60% of the brain, made of bundles which connects various gray matter areas, develop throughout the 20's and peaks in middle age
  • Saltatory conduction
    Action potential appears to jump from node to node
  • Acetylcholine
    A neurotransmitter for memory and cognitive function. It also gives bowel tone.
  • Norepinephrine
    A neurotransmitter for attention, motivation, pleasure, and reward.
  • Dopamine
    The reward chemical. A neurotransmitter for alertness and energy.
  • Serotonin
    The mood stabilizer. It helps to regulate mood and behavior, appetite, digestion, sleep, memory, and sexual drive.
  • Oxytocin
    The love hormone.
  • Endorphin
    It works as pain killer and are released after exercise.
  • Major depression is characterized by intense feelings of sadness.
  • Dysthymic disorder is a less intense type of depression, but it persists for a longer period of time (years).
  • Adjustment disorders occur when an individual's response to a stressful event.
  • Postpartum depression is depression that occurs after giving birth.
  • Manic depression or bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person's mood.
  • Psychotic depression includes some features of psychosis, such as hallucinations or delusions.
  • Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that comes on in the winter months when the sun is sparse.
  • Alzheimer's disease: most common form of dementia and is associated with a decrease in Acetylcholine-secreting neurons.
  • Myasthenia gravis: results from reduction in acetylcholine receptors
  • Botulism: caused by toxin of Clostridium botulinum and blocks the release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic terminal.
  • Cocaine: acts by inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine.
  • Morphine: mimics endorphins, the "happy hormone".