direct evidence for the structure of the earth

• Observing the crust and the rocks within it. 
• Mines and Boreholes show the layers of rock. 
• Ophiolites is where pieces of ocean crusts are broken off at convergent boundaries and uplifted to the surface. They contain peridotite. 
• Volcanoes bring up magma from depth.
• Mid ocean ridge basalt comes from the melting of the mantle. 
• Xenoliths are fragments of country rock within magma, xenoliths of peridotite tells us about the comp of the mantle.