Chapter 13/14

• Contributers to Violent Behavior:

  • Frustration
  • Mental Illness
  • Substance Abuse
  • Exposure to Violence
  • Head Injury
  • Culture
• Attribution - the set of thought processes we used to assign causes to our own behavior and that of others 


  The connections we make, cause and effect
• Internal Attributions - explanations based on someone’s attitudes, personality traits, abilities, or other characteristics


  Different people experience the same thing but in different ways
• External Attributions - explanations based on the situation including events that would influence almost anyone 


  Something that would influence everyone in a similar way, habits/instincts
• Self-Handicapping Strategies - when people intentionally put themselves at a disadvantage to provide an excuse for failure 


  Similar to self-sabotage, done as a way to take the burden off of you
• Self-Serving Biases - attributions that we adopt to maximize credit for success and minimize blame for failure 


  Only tell the part of the story that makes you look good, requires cognition and perception, manipulate how others see you to feel good about yourself

  • I didn’t study vs. They don’t teach well
• Special Techniques of Persuasion pt. 1:

  • Liking and Similarity - highlight similarities to convince someone to follow you
  • Social Norms - bandwagon, do something because everyone else is doing it, follow the trends
  • Reciprocation - quid pro quo, do something for its reward, both benefit (store credit card signups)
  • Contrast Effects - compare something to something better/worse instead of assessing its individual value
• Special Techniques of Persuasion pt. 2:

  • Foot in the Door - ask for something small then ask for something big, get them to say yes to something easy so they say yes to something more difficult
  • Bait and Switch - Pull you in and then switch it up to get you to spend more
  • That’s Not All - buy 1 get 2 free, but the 1 is super overpriced or the 2 have little value
  • Fear Messages - scare people to persuade them
• Social Psychology isn't about the group, its about the individual as part of the group
• Personality - all the consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others, especially in social situations
• Psychoanalysis - Freud's method of explaining in dealing with personality, based on the interplay of conscious and unconscious forces
• Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development:

  A) Oral

  B) Anal

  C) Phallic

  D) Latency

  E) Genital

  
• Defense Mechanisms - the ego defends itself against anxieties by relegating unpleasant thoughts and impulses to the unconscious mind
• • Id - impulsive want
  • Ego - rationalizes, compromises
  • Superego - moral compass, social politeness extreme
• Ideal Self - an image of what one would like to be 


  Important in reaching full potential and self-actualization
• Unconditional Positive Regard - the complete unqualified acceptance of another person as they are (accept them no matter what)
• Self-Actualization - the achievement of one's full potential
• Big 5 Model of Personality:

  • Emotional Stability
  • Extroversion (assertive)
  • Agreeableness (collaboration)
  • Conscientiousness (responsible)
  • Openness to new experiences