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Cards (44)
Scalar quantity
A quantity that only has a
magnitude
A quantity that isn't
direction
dependent
Vector quantity
A quantity that has both a
magnitude
and an associated
direction
How vector quantities are represented
Using vector
arrows
The
length
of the arrow represents the
magnitude
The arrow points in the associated
direction
Vector quantities
Velocity
Displacement
Force
Velocity
The
speed
of an object in a specific
direction
Gradient of distance/time graph
The
speed
Gradient of displacement/time graph
The
velocity
Calculating speed at a given time from a distance-time graph for an accelerating object
1. Draw a
tangent
to the curve at the required time
2. Calculate the
gradient
of the tangent
Calculating distance from a velocity-time graph
It is equal to the area under the graph
Gradient of velocity/time graph
The acceleration
Typical
value for speed of sound
Typical
value for human walking speed
Typical
value for human running speed
Typical
value for human cycling speed
Approximate
value for
acceleration
of an object in free fall under
gravity
near the
Earth's
surface
Resultant force
The
single
force that is
equivalent
to all the other forces acting on a
given
object
Newton's first law for a
stationary
object
If the resultant force on a stationary object is
zero
, the object will remain at
rest
Newton's first law for a moving object
If the resultant force on a moving object is
zero
, the object will remain at
constant velocity
(same
speed
in same
direction
)
Newton's Second Law
Resultant force =
Mass
x
Acceleration
(F =
ma
)
Newton's Second Law in words
An object's
acceleration
is directly
proportional
to the
resultant
force acting on it and
inversely
proportional to its
mass
Weight
The force that acts on an object due to
gravity
and the object's
mass
Quantities weight depends on
The object's
mass
The
gravitational field strength
at the given position in the field
Unit for weight
Newton
(
N
)
Equipment to measure weight
A
calibrated spring-balance
or
newton-meter
Constant speed
When an object is travelling at a constant speed but not a constant velocity
When an object is travelling at a
constant
speed but not a
constant
velocity
Circular motion
Speed is a
scalar
quantity
Velocity is a
vector
quantity which means it can only be
constant
if the direction is
constant
In circular motion, the direction is
continuously
changing
Velocity is
constantly
changing
Centripetal force
The resultant force that acts on an object moving in a
circle
, and it acts towards the
centre
of the circle
Inertial mass
A measure of how difficult it is to change a given object's
velocity
The ratio of
force
over
acceleration
Newton's
Third
Law
Momentum
Mass
x
Velocity
The unit used for momentum is
kgm/s
(
kilogram metres per seconds
)
In a
closed
system, the total
momentum
before and after a collision is
equal
Equation linking change in momentum, force and time
Force
x
Time
=
Change
in
Momentum
F Δt
=
mΔv
Measuring human reaction times
1. Using the
ruler
drop test
2. Person A and B hold each
end
of a ruler with the 0 cm mark at the
bottom
3. Person A
drops
the ruler without telling person B
4. Person B catches it
5. The
distance
travelled corresponds to their
reaction
time
Why it is important that the 0cm mark is at the
bottom
Stopping distance
The sum of
thinking
distance and
braking
distance
For a given braking distance, if the vehicle's speed is increased
The stopping distance is increased
Typical range of values for human
reaction
time
Factors which can affect a driver's reaction time
Tiredness
Drugs
Alcohol
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