lesson 2 ias

• implications of threats to organization

  financial loss

  loss of intellectual capital

  privacy

  image loss

  legal implications
• Threats to organizations, such as cyberattacks, data breaches, or fraud, can result in significant financial losses. These losses may stem from direct financial theft, costs associated with remediation, legal fees, and expenses related to reputation management.

  financial loss
• Intellectual capital includes the organization's knowledge, innovations, trade secrets, and proprietary information. Threats that lead to the loss or theft of intellectual capital can severely impact an organization's competitive advantage and ability to innovate.

  Loss of Intellectual Capital
• Threats to privacy involve unauthorized access to personal or sensitive information, leading to privacy breaches. This can occur through cyberattacks, data leaks, or inadequate security measures.

  Privacy
• refers to damage to the organization's public perception and brand reputation. This can result from a variety of threats, including ethical lapses, product recalls, or publicized security breaches.

  Image loss
• arise when an organization fails to comply with laws, regulations, or contractual obligations. Threats that lead to legal consequences may include data breaches, non-compliance with privacy laws, or unethical business practices.

  Legal implications
• Mitigation Strategies


  •Implementing robust cybersecurity measures to protect against cyber threats.

  •Conducting regular risk assessments and vulnerability assessments. •Enforcing privacy policies and compliance with data protection regulations.

  •Investing in employee training to enhance security awareness. •Establishing crisis management and incident response plans. •Communicating transparently with stakeholders in the event of a threat or breach. •Monitoring and adapting to changes in the regulatory landscape.
• Techniques of Intruders

  Simple Methods

  Sophisticated Method
• Simple Methods

  Password Guessing

  Social Engineering

  Brute Force Attacks

  Unpatched Software Exploitation
• Intruders may attempt to gain unauthorized access to systems or accounts by guessing passwords. This can involve using common passwords, known personal information about the user, or automated tools to systematically try different combinations.

  Password Guessing
• involves manipulating individuals into divulging confidential information or performing actions that compromise security. This can include phishing emails, pretexting phone calls, or impersonation techniques to deceive users into disclosing sensitive information or providing access to systems.

  Social Engineering
• intruders attempt to gain access to systems or accounts by systematically trying all possible combinations of usernames and passwords until the correct credentials are found. This method is time-consuming but can be effective against weak or easily guessable passwords.

  brute force attacks
• Image loss refers to damage to the organization's public perception and brand reputation. This can result from a variety of threats, including ethical lapses, product recalls, or publicized security breaches.

  Unpatched Software Exploitation
• Sophisticated Methods

  Zero-day exploits

  Advanced Persistent Threats

  Malware attacks

  Fileless attack
• target previously unknown vulnerabilities in software or systems for which no patch or fix is available. Intruders leverage these exploits to launch targeted attacks before the vulnerabilities are discovered and patched by software vendors or security researchers.

  Zero-day exploits
• Are stealthy and sophisticated attacks orchestrated by skilled adversaries, such as nation-state actors or organized cybercriminal groups. APTs involve multiple stages, including reconnaissance, infiltration, lateral movement, and data exfiltration, to maintain long-term access to targeted networks or systems.

  Advanced Persistent Threats
• involve the deployment of malicious software, such as viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, or spyware, to compromise systems, steal data, or disrupt operations. Intruders may use advanced malware variants with evasion techniques to evade detection by security solutions.

  Malware attacks
• leverage legitimate system tools or processes to execute malicious activities without leaving traditional traces on disk. By residing in memory or exploiting vulnerabilities in legitimate software, fileless attacks can bypass traditional antivirus and endpoint detection solutions.

  Fileless attack
• Most Common Attack Methods

  Internal Attacks

  External Attacks
• occur when individuals within an organization, such as employees, contractors, or partners, intentionally or unintentionally compromise the organization's security. These attacks may involve unauthorized access to sensitive information, misuse of privileges, or malicious actions aimed at disrupting operations or stealing data

  Internal attacks
• originate from outside the organization and are perpetrated by external actors, such as hackers, cybercriminals, or nation-state adversaries. These attacks target the organization's network infrastructure, applications, or systems with the goal of gaining unauthorized access, stealing sensitive information, or causing disruption.

  External attacks
• Organizational Shortcomings

  Weak Security Policies and Procedures

  Limited Security Awareness and Training

  Outdated Technology and Infrastructure

  Insufficient Incident Response Capabilities
• Organizational shortcomings in security policies and procedures refer to inadequate or ineffective policies and procedures for managing security risks.

  Weak Security Policies and Procedures
• Organizations may have shortcomings in security awareness and training programs, leading to employees, contractors, or partners lacking awareness of security best practices or failing to recognize and respond to security threats effectively

  Limited Security Awareness and Training
• Organizational shortcomings may arise from outdated technology and infrastructure, including legacy systems, unsupported software, or obsolete hardware.

  Outdated Technology and Infrastructure
• Organizational shortcomings in incident response capabilities refer to inadequate preparedness and response mechanisms for addressing security incidents.

  Insufficient Incident Response Capabilities