animal kingdom

• Amphibian


  Animal that spends early life underwater and later life on land
• Amphibians


  • Cold-blooded
  • Vertebrates with a spine or backbone
  • Aquatic in early life, terrestrial later in life
• Terrestrial

  Living on land
• Amphibian characteristics

  • Moist bodies
  • No scales
  • Skin allows water and oxygen absorption
  • Some are poisonous
• Vertebrates

  Animals with a backbone
• Invertebrates


  Animals without a backbone
• Invertebrate groups


  • Mollusks
  • Annelids
  • Echinoderms
  • Cnidarians
  • Porifera
  • Nematodes
  • Platyhelminthes
  • Arthropods
• Mollusks

  • Soft-bodied animals with shells, like mussels, snails, clams, octopus, squid
• Annelids

  • Segmented worms like earthworms, ragworms, leeches
• Echinoderms


  • Spiny-skinned animals like starfish, sea cucumbers, sea urchins
• Cnidarians


  • Two-layered animals with stinging cells, like corals, jellyfish, sea anemones
• Porifera

  • Sponges, multicellular organisms with pores and channels
• Nematodes


  • Round, unsegmented worms like whipworms and hookworms
• Platyhelminthes


  • Flat, soft-bodied worms like tapeworms and planaria
• Arthropod groups

  • Insects
  • Arachnids
  • Centipedes and millipedes
  • Crustaceans
• Reptiles

  Cold-blooded animals with dry, scaly skin that lay eggs
• Difference between reptiles and amphibians

  Reptiles don't have a larval stage, have dry scaly skin instead of moist skin
• Birds

  Warm-blooded vertebrates with feathers and wings that lay eggs
• Insects


  Arthropods with a hard exoskeleton, three body parts, six legs, and often wings
• Insect characteristics

  • Hard exoskeleton made of chitin
  • Three body parts: head, thorax, abdomen
  • Pair of antennae
  • Six legs
  • Often have wings
  • Hatch from eggs, undergo molting as they grow
• Arachnids


  Invertebrates with two body parts and eight legs, like spiders and scorpions
• Fish


  Aquatic vertebrates with gills, scales, and fins
• Fish anatomy


  • Dorsal fin
  • Pectoral fin
  • Caudal fin
  • Anal fin
  • Pelvic fin
  • Gills
  • Scales
• Fish types


  • Freshwater fish
  • Saltwater fish
• Sharks


  • Very solitary animals
  • Usually hunt and live alone
• Types of mammals


  • Placental
  • Marsupial
  • Monotreme
• Placental mammals

  Characterized by the presence of a placenta, a vascular organ that develops during gestation
• Mammal


  • An animal that breaths air, has a backbone, and grows hair at some points during its life
  • All female mammals have glands that can produce milk called the mammary glands
• Where mammals live


  • Above ground
  • Can fly
  • Below ground
  • Underwater
• Mammals can live in locations of both warm temperatures and cold temperatures
• Warm-blooded

  Mammals maintain about the same body temperature their entire lives
• Most mammals give birth to their young, however there are two mammals that lay eggs - the spiny anteater and the duck-billed platypus
• Mammal care for young

  • Adult mammals protect and help care for babies until they can survive on their own
  • The mammal most famous for caring for their babies is the mother kangaroo who carries their babies in their pouch until they are about one year old
• Marsupials


  • A group of mammals that are known for carrying their young in a pouch
  • Marsupials are not fully developed at birth, they are tiny and blind right after birth and climb up their mother's belly to begin drinking milk
  • Marsupials attach themselves to their mothers
  • After the young stop depending on their mother's milk they can leave the pouch and look after themselves but they run back to the pouch when danger threatens
  • Some marsupials do not have pouches, in these species the young simply cling to their mother
• Where marsupials live


  • Forests
  • Lakes and streams
  • Grasslands
  • Underground
• Types of marsupials


  • Burrowing marsupials like the wombat
  • Terrestrial marsupials like the kangaroo
  • Gliders like the sugar glider
  • Koalas that live their entire lives in the trees
  • Semi-aquatic marsupials like the yapok
• Monotremes

  • The only mammals that lay eggs
  • single opening monotremes have which is used for excretion and reproduction
  • Like almost all other mammals they are also warm-blooded and have hair
  • Monotremes nourish their young with milk produced in mammary glands, but they have no nipples so the milk oozes out of mammary gland ducts onto the mother's fur and the young lap it up
  • Monotreme eggs are protected by a soft leathery shell like the eggs of reptiles
  • When the eggs hatch the young are relatively undeveloped and completely dependent on their parent
• Platypus

  • Has a bill, webbed feet, and a tail
  • Has electroreceptors similar to a shark
  • Lays eggs
  • Has limbs on its side
  • Is the only Australian mammal known to be venomous, males have a venomous spur above the heel of each hind leg
  • Is nocturnal
• Echidna (spiny anteater)


  • Has spines
  • Has a beak
  • Has a pouch
  • Lays eggs
  • Has a long tongue that shoots out to scoop up ants and other prey
  • The female lays a single egg into a pouch on its belly, the hatchling is quite embryonic and lacks hind limbs
  • Has sharp two inch spines that provide protection from predators, if alarmed it curls up into a prickly ball
  • Has an electro-receptive system